Table 1.
Participant Characteristics
| CKD Participants | |
|---|---|
| N | 148 (100%) |
| Study site | |
| The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia | 93 (63%) |
| Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center | 55 (37%) |
| Age category (at time of study) | |
| 5 – 8 years | 19 (13%) |
| 9 – 11 years | 29 (20%) |
| 12 – 14 years | 36 (24%) |
| 15 – 21 years | 64 (43%) |
| Age at chronic kidney disease (CKD) diagnosis (years) | 4.4 (0, 10.6) |
| Male | 91 (61%) |
| Race | |
| White | 104 (70%) |
| Black | 37 (25%) |
| Other | 7 (5%) |
| Winter season | 68 (46%) |
| Height Z-score | −0.71 (−1.61, +0.26) |
| Body mass index Z-score | 0.20 (−0.62, +1.40) |
| Underlying etiology of renal disease | |
| Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) | 100 (68%) |
| Glomerulonephritis (GN) | 21 (14%) |
| Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) | 27 (18%) |
| CKD stage | |
| 2 | 13 (9%) |
| 3 | 47 (32%) |
| 4 | 25 (17%) |
| 5 | 18 (12%) |
| 5D | 45 (30%) |
| Dialysis modality | |
| Hemodialyis | 29 (64%) |
| Peritoneal dialysis | 16 (36%) |
| Vitamin D supplement usage ≥ 400 IU/day | 25 (17%) |
| Receiving calcitriol therapy by CKD stage | |
| 2/3 | 11 (18%) |
| 4/5 | 33 (77%) |
| Dialysis | 40 (89%) |
Data are presented as n(%) or Median (inter-quartile range)