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(a) Bias risk profile
| Author | Randomized trial (selection bias) | Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Blind selection (performance bias) | Blind evaluation (measurement bias) | Data deficient (attrition bias) | Literature quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcántara et al. [1] | − | − | o | + | − | High |
| Cheung et al. [2] | − | − | o | + | − | High |
| Ho et al. [3] | − | − | o | o | − | High |
| Pirlet et al. [4] | − | − | o | + | − | High |
| van Hooft et al. [5] | − | − | o | o | − | High |
Note: +: high risk, o: not available, and −: low risk.
