Table 3. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for bladder cancer risk and LINE-1%5mC.
PLCO | ATBC | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics All Subjects |
N Case | N Control | OR2 | 95% CI2 | P2 | Characteristic All Male Smokers |
N Case |
N Control | OR2 | 95% CI2 | P2 | ||||
Q11 | 68 | 178 | REF | - | - | Q11 | 49 | 195 | REF | - | - | ||||
Q2 | 69 | 151 | 1.29 | 0.85–1.97 | 0.23 | Q2 | 86 | 194 | 1.74 | 1.15–2.63 | 0.01 | ||||
Q3 | 96 | 180 | 1.53 | 1.03–2.28 | 0.04 | Q3 | 123 | 195 | 2.61 | 1.75–3.90 | 1.1x10−5 | ||||
Q4 | 66 | 167 | 1.23 | 0.80–1.89 | 0.34 | Q4 | 133 | 194 | 2.78 | 1.85–4.19 | 3.8X10−6 | ||||
P-trend | 0.20 | P-trend | 8.7X10−7 | ||||||||||||
Q1 | 68 | 178 | REF | - | - | Q1 | 49 | 195 | REF | - | - | ||||
Q2–4 | 231 | 498 | 1.36 | 0.96–1.92 | 0.08 | Q2–4 | 342 | 583 | 2.31 | 1.62–3.30 | 1.8X10−6 | ||||
Gender | |||||||||||||||
Male | Q1 | 49 | 141 | REF | - | - | NA | ||||||||
Q2–Q4 | 193 | 419 | 1.48 | 1.00–2.20 | 0.05 | ||||||||||
Female | Q1 | 19 | 37 | REF | - | - | |||||||||
Q2–Q4 | 38 | 79 | 1.11 | 0.51–2.42 | 0.79 | ||||||||||
P-interaction | 0.33 | ||||||||||||||
Age at blood draw-years | |||||||||||||||
55–64 | Q1 | 21 | 58 | REF | 50–65 | Q1 | 40 | 159 | REF | - | - | ||||
Q2–Q4 | 85 | 195 | 1.38 | 0.75–2.56 | 0.30 | Q2–Q4 | 202 | 333 | 2.35 | 1.57–3.53 | <0.001 | ||||
65–79 | Q1 | 47 | 120 | REF | 65–70 | Q1 | 9 | 36 | REF | - | - | ||||
Q2–Q4 | 146 | 303 | 1.42 | 0.92–2.18 | 0.11 | Q2–Q4 | 140 | 250 | 2.34 | 1.06–5.15 | 0.04 | ||||
P-interaction | 0.96 | P-interaction | 0.75 | ||||||||||||
Years between blood draw and case diagnosis/control selection | |||||||||||||||
≤4 | Q1 | 69 | 94 | REF | - | - | ≤4 | Q1 | 10 | 52 | REF | - | - | ||
Q2–Q4 | 37 | 311 | 1.57 | 0.96–2.57 | 0.07 | Q2–Q4 | 107 | 174 | 3.16 | 1.49–6.67 | 0.003 | ||||
5–13 | Q1 | 116 | 84 | REF | - | - | 5–16 | Q1 | 39 | 143 | REF | - | - | ||
Q2–Q4 | 77 | 187 | 1.19 | 0.71–2.01 | 0.51 | Q2–Q4 | 235 | 409 | 2.15 | 1.42–3.24 | <0.001 | ||||
P-interaction | 0.42 | P-interaction | 0.33 | ||||||||||||
Ever/never smoking | Ever/never smoking | ||||||||||||||
Never | Q1 | 28 | 71 | REF | - | - | NA | ||||||||
Q2–Q4 | 78 | 233 | 0.82 | 0.47–1.45 | 0.50 | ||||||||||
Ever | Q1 | 47 | 107 | REF | - | - | |||||||||
Q2-Q4 | 146 | 265 | 1.82 | 1.18–2.79 | 0.01 | ||||||||||
P-interaction | 0.08 | ||||||||||||||
Pack-years of smoking | Pack-years of smoking | ||||||||||||||
1–40 | Q1 | 24 | 67 | REF | - | - | 1–40 | Q1 | 30 | 143 | REF | - | - | ||
Q2–Q4 | 84 | 169 | 1.71 | 0.94–3.08 | 0.08 | Q2–Q4 | 192 | 383 | 2.39 | 1.53–3.74 | <0.001 | ||||
>41 | Q1 | 22 | 39 | REF | - | - | >41 | Q1 | 19 | 52 | REF | - | - | ||
Q2–Q4 | 89 | 91 | 1.99 | 1.03–3.83 | 0.04 | Q2–Q4 | 150 | 200 | 2.45 | 1.3–4.50 | 0.004 | ||||
P-interaction | 0.58 | P-interaction | 0.76 | ||||||||||||
Alcohol drinking (drinks per day) | (g per day) | ||||||||||||||
≤0.5 | Q1 | 36 | 107 | REF | - | - | ≤12.1 | Q1 | 31 | 94 | REF | - | - | ||
Q2–Q4 | 130 | 295 | 1.43 | 0.89–2.30 | 0.14 | Q2–Q4 | 180 | 305 | 1.71 | 1.07–2.76 | 0.03 | ||||
>0.5 | Q1 | 32 | 71 | REF | - | - | >12.1 | Q1 | 18 | 101 | REF | - | - | ||
Q2–Q4 | 101 | 203 | 1.25 | 0.75–2.07 | 0.39 | Q2–Q4 | 162 | 278 | 3.79 | 2.13–6.76 | <0.001 | ||||
P-interaction | 0.82 | P-interaction | 0.08 | ||||||||||||
Vegetable intake (servings per day) | (g per day) | ||||||||||||||
≤5 | Q1 | 40 | 89 | REF | - | - | <749.5 | Q1 | 27 | 98 | REF | - | - | ||
Q2–Q4 | 115 | 246 | 1.14 | 0.71–1.84 | 0.58 | Q2–Q4 | 204 | 317 | 2.51 | 1.54–4.11 | <0.001 | ||||
>5 | Q1 | 28 | 89 | REF | - | - | ≥749.5 | Q1 | 22 | 97 | REF | - | - | ||
Q2–Q4 | 116 | 252 | 1.69 | 1.00–2.85 | 0.05 | Q2–Q4 | 138 | 266 | 2.14 | 1.25–3.66 | 0.005 | ||||
P-interaction | 0.23 | P-interaction | 0.73 | ||||||||||||
Fruit intake (servings per day) | |||||||||||||||
≤3 | Q1 | 42 | 97 | REF | - | - | <233.1 | Q1 | 28 | 106 | REF | - | - | ||
Q2–Q4 | 130 | 245 | 1.32 | 0.83–2.09 | 0.24 | Q2–Q4 | 211 | 353 | 2.53 | 1.56–4.11 | <0.001 | ||||
>3 | Q1 | 26 | 81 | REF | - | - | >233.1 | Q1 | 21 | 89 | REF | - | - | ||
Q2–Q4 | 101 | 253 | 1.48 | 0.85–2.59 | 0.16 | Q2–Q4 | 131 | 230 | 2.37 | 1.36–4.15 | 0.002 | ||||
P-interaction | 0.68 | P-interaction | 0.92 | ||||||||||||
Folate (diet and supplement, mg per day) | |||||||||||||||
≤539.2 | Q1 | 32 | 86 | REF | - | - | < 346.1 | Q1 | 24 | 97 | REF | - | - | ||
Q2–Q4 | 100 | 252 | 1.24 | 0.75–2.05 | 0.40 | Q2–Q4 | 187 | 304 | 2.61 | 1.56–4.36 | <0.001 | ||||
>539.2 | Q1 | 36 | 92 | REF | - | - | ≥346.1 | Q1 | 25 | 98 | REF | - | - | ||
Q2–Q4 | 131 | 246 | 1.53 | 0.93–2.50 | 0.09 | Q2–Q4 | 155 | 279 | 1.99 | 1.20–3.31 | 0.01 | ||||
P-interaction | 0.47 | P-interaction | 0.49 | ||||||||||||
Vitamin B6 (diet and supplement, mg per day) | |||||||||||||||
≤3.5 | Q1 | 36 | 88 | REF | - | - | <2.5 | Q1 | 28 | 106 | REF | - | - | ||
Q2–Q4 | 105 | 251 | 1.19 | 0.74–1.93 | 0.48 | Q2–Q4 | 188 | 294 | 2.49 | 1.54–4.05 | <0.001 | ||||
>3.5 | Q1 | 32 | 90 | REF | - | - | ≥2.5 | Q1 | 21 | 89 | REF | - | - | ||
Q2–Q4 | 126 | 247 | 1.62 | 0.96–2.72 | 0.07 | Q2–Q4 | 154 | 289 | 2.16 | 1.24–3.75 | 0.01 | ||||
P-interaction | 0.25 | P-interaction | 0.67 | ||||||||||||
Vitamin B12 (diet and supplement, mg per day) | |||||||||||||||
≤9.1 | Q1 | 36 | 90 | REF | - | - | <11.0 | Q1 | 20 | 105 | REF | - | - | ||
Q2–Q4 | 96 | 251 | 1.12 | 0.68–1.82 | 0.66 | Q2–Q4 | 186 | 316 | 3.62 | 2.11–6.20 | <0.001 | ||||
>9.1 | Q1 | 32 | 88 | REF | - | - | ≥11.0 | Q1 | 29 | 90 | REF | - | - | ||
Q2–Q4 | 145 | 247 | 1.77 | 1.06–2.94 | 0.03 | Q2–Q4 | 156 | 267 | 1.63 | 0.98–2.71 | 0.06 | ||||
P-interaction | 0.17 | P-interaction | 0.07 | ||||||||||||
Dietary protein (g per day) | |||||||||||||||
≤83.5 | Q1 | 49 | 94 | REF | - | - | <94.8 | Q1 | 22 | 105 | REF | - | - | ||
Q2–Q4 | 120 | 244 | 1.01 | 0.66–1.56 | 0.95 | Q2–Q4 | 176 | 305 | 2.63 | 1.56–4.45 | <0.001 | ||||
>83.5 | Q1 | 19 | 84 | REF | - | - | ≥94.8 | Q1 | 27 | 90 | REF | - | - | ||
Q2–Q4 | 111 | 254 | 2.32 | 1.25–4.34 | 0.01 | Q2–Q4 | 166 | 278 | 1.85 | 1.12–3.05 | 0.02 | ||||
P-interaction | 0.02 | P-interaction | 0.30 | ||||||||||||
Dietary methionine (mg per day) | |||||||||||||||
≤1.8 | Q1 | 44 | 95 | REF | - | - | <2.1 | Q1 | 25 | 101 | REF | - | - | ||
Q2–Q4 | 122 | 242 | 1.20 | 0.77–1.86 | 0.43 | Q2–Q4 | 184 | 308 | 2.43 | 1.46–4.03 | 0.001 | ||||
>1.8 | Q1 | 24 | 83 | REF | - | - | ≥2.1 | Q1 | 24 | 94 | REF | - | - | ||
Q2–Q4 | 109 | 256 | 1.65 | 0.93–2.93 | 0.09 | Q2–Q4 | 158 | 275 | 2.06 | 1.23–3.45 | 0.01 | ||||
P-interaction | 0.29 | P-interaction | 0.69 |
N, number; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; NA, not applicable; mg, milligrams; g, grams; dx, diagnosis; PLCO, Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial; ATBC, Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Cohort. 1Quartile cutpoints were based on sex and study-specific control levels (see methods section). 2Regression models adjusted for age at blood draw, study center, packyears smoking, sex (PLCO), and treatment arm (ATBC).