Table 10.

Immune-Cell-Targeting Peptides

Isolation Methoda	Peptide Sequenceb,c,d	Immune Cell Type	Applications and Notes
In vitro panning against the heterodimeric protein CD11c/CD18 purified from splenic tissue of a patient with hairy cell leukemia	CGRWSGWPADLC390	Dendritic Cells	Immunomodulation: C57BL/6 mice vaccinated with peptide-liposomes carrying OVA induced OVA-specific T cell priming and antibody production. The peptide was also engrafted into plasma membrane vesicles derived from B16-OVA cells and used to vaccinate C57BL/6 mice carrying either lung or subcutaneous B16-OVA tumors, inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis in both models391
In vitro panning against immobilized CD40-Ig	ATYSEFPGNLKP399	Dendritic and B cells	Oligonucleotide Delivery: A bifunctional peptide, created by conjugating this peptide to a peptide that binds the adenoviral knob protein, allowed for specific transduction of adenoviral GFP to human and murine dendritic cells, murine B cell blasts, murine L10A cells, and human B cells.
In vitro panning against the murine dendritic cell line JAWSII. Bound phage were eluted with TNFα to identify TNF-R2 ligands.	CYTYQGKLC392 (pTNF)	Dendritic Cells	Oligonucleotide Delivery: Both a K16-G5-peptide fusion and peptide-K16 microspheres transduced JAWSII and BMDC with a GFP expressing plasmid392 Peptide-lipoplexes containing EGFP-siRNA induced silencing of EGFP in EGFP-expressing DC2.4 cells.400
In vitro panning against XS52 dendritic cells	GPEDTSRAPENQQ-KTFHRRW393 (XS52.1)	Dendritic Cells	Oligonucleotide Delivery: Peptide-liposomes containing luciferase plasmid transduced Langerhans cells when injected into mouse skin. Immunomodulation: The peptide containing phage clone induced a more rapid and robust humoral immune response against phage coat proteins than did control peptide phage clones.393
In vitro panning against LPS-activated U937 hematopoietic precursor cells	PTAPTST401 PSPRSGS401 PAIAHRT401	Macrophages (Activated)
In vitro panning against immobilized ganglioside GM1	AFHKNSQTTTLY398(CL1) TNCLQNCSGVHL398 (CL2) GWKERLSSWNRF398 (CL3)	M Cells	Immunomodulation: Oral delivery of the CL3 peptide-fused to EGFP induced an EGFP-specific mucosal and systemic immune response in mice (IgG & IgA production, Th2 type response).
In vitro panning against human M-like cell model system (co-cultures of Caco-2 and Raji cells)	SFHQLPARSPLP397(Col)	M Cells	Immunomodulation: Peptide-fused EGFP given orally bound M cells and transported to the mucosal immune induction site, inducing an EGFP-specific mucosal and systemic immune response in mice (IgG and IgA production, Th2 type response). Suggested Receptor: C5aR402
In vitro panning against human M-like cell model (co-cultures of Caco-2 and Raji cells), selecting for transcytosis	CKSTHPLSC403 (CKS9)	M Cells	Functional Peptide Activity: Chitosan nanoparticles that display CKS9 localized in the Peyer's patch when injected into a closed ileal loop.
In vitro panning of a T7 phage peptide library against monocultures of Caco-2 cells and co-cultures of Caco-2 and M cells, selecting for phage transcytosis	CTGKSC404 PAVLG404 LRVG404	M Cells	Functional Peptide Activity: The peptides transcytose nanoparticles across M-like cells in an in vitro assay.
In vivo panning in Winstar rats, delivering the phage library into the closed ileal loop and isolating Peyer's patches	LETTCASLCYPS396 (P8) VPPHPMTYSCQY396 (P25)	M Cells	Functional Peptide Activity: The d- analog of P8 delivers polystyrene beads to M cells and Peyer's patch when injected locally into the intestine.
In vitro panning against immobilized FcγRIIA-R134-GST	WAWVWLTETAV394	Leukocytes
Ex vivo panning against freshly isolated human neutrophils	FGPNLTGRW25 CKDGLFLGSWLC25 DLVTSKLQV25	Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
In vitro screening against neutrophil-like differentiated HL60 cells screening for arachidonic acid release using PS-SPCL	RKYHVM-NH2405 RKYYYM-NH2405 MKYYKM-NH2405 MKYYYM-NH2405	Leukocytes	Functional Peptide Activity: The peptides stimulate superoxide production and induce chemotactic migration. Suggested Receptor: FPRL1
Ex vivo screening against human monocytes using PS-SPCL, screening for superoxide anion generation	HFYLPM406 HFYLPm406 MFYLPM406	Monocytes	Functional Peptide Activity: The peptides induce superoxide production and cause an increase in intracellular Ca2+ rise.

^aAll libraries are pill phage libraries unless otherwise noted.

^bCysteine residues that form disulfide bonds are indicated in bold.

^cCommon peptide names that have been used in the literature are indicated in parentheses next to the peptide sequence.

^dPeptides clustered in the same cell in this table were isolated in the same selection experiment.