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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Surg Res. 2014 Mar 22;190(1):1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.03.051

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Aortic VICs adopt an osteogenic phenotype after TLR stimulation, while the pulmonic, mitral, and tricuspid VICs do not. VICs were lysed after stimulation with LPS (200ng/mL) for 48 hours. Lysates were analyzed using immunoblotting. Levels of BMP-2 increased significantly (*p<0.05) compared to control in the aortic valve, but not the other three heart valves after LPS stimulation. Also, BMP-2 levels after LPS stimulation in Aortic VICs were greater compared to LPS-stimulated BMP-2 levels in the other three heart valves (#p<0.05). Data are normalized to control for each valve.