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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jun 11.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2011 Jan;74(1):1–8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03806.x

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The multifaceted role of B cells in Graves’ disease. B cells produce autoantibodies to the TSHR and IGF-IR which leads to hyperthyroidism and potentially fibroblast activation. B and T cells from Graves’ patients display increased expression of the IGF-IR and activation of this receptor via GD-IgG enhanced B cell autoantibody production and T cell survival. Furthermore, B cells are excellent antigen presenting cells and produce cytokines which may be central to immune infiltration and the exuberant inflammatory response demonstrated in patients with Graves’ disease.