Table 3.
Adjusted means of posttraumatic stress symptoms following childbirth in four different match/mismatch groups
| |
Covariates
|
Adjusted means and difference test of posttraumantic stress symptoms
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Variable |
ηp2 |
F |
Match 1 |
Match 2 |
Mismatch 1 |
Mismatch 2 |
F | Post hocb |
| (Time point of measurement) | No preference, no ElCSa | Preference, ElCS | No preference, ElCS | Preference, no ElCS | ||||
| |
|
|
Model 1 (covariates from each block included simultaneously) |
|||||
|
Psychological Factors |
|
|
6.56 |
5.97 |
7.25 |
8.73 |
3.17* |
1-4* |
| Prior PTSD (pregnancy week 17) |
0.004 |
6.33* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Prior Sexual Abusec (8 weeks postpartum) |
0.002 |
3.89* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Fear of childbirth (pregnancy week 32) |
0.019 |
32.76*** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Depression (pregnancy week 32) |
0.015 |
26.05*** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Anxiety (pregnancy week 32) |
0.013 |
22.77*** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Personality |
|
|
6.38 |
7.61 |
7.97 |
10.08 |
8.55*** |
1-4*** |
| Neuroticism (pregnancy week 17) |
0.044 |
78.73*** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Conscientiousness (pregnancy week 17) |
0.006 |
10.22** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Somatic & Demographic Factors |
|
|
6.32 |
8.35 |
8.19 |
10.43 |
10.88*** |
1-4*** |
| Parity (pregnancy week 17) |
0.012 |
20.41*** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Age (perinatally) |
0.003 |
5.77* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Education (perinatally) |
0.002 |
4.24* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Model 2 (all statistically significant covariates included simultaneously) |
|||||
|
All covariates |
|
|
6.54 |
6.69 |
7.46 |
8.56 |
2.66* |
1-4* |
| Prior PTSD (pregnancy week 17) |
0.002 |
3.98* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Prior Sexual Abuse (8 weeks postpartum) |
0.002 |
2.87 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Fear of childbirth (pregnancy week 32) |
0.012 |
20.85*** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Depression (pregnancy week 32) |
0.016 |
26.55*** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Anxiety (pregnancy week 32) |
0.010 |
17.74*** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Neuroticism (pregnancy week 17) |
0.001 |
1.80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Conscientiousness (pregnancy week 17) |
0.001 |
1.11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Parity (pregnancy week 17) |
0.013 |
22.13*** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Age (perinatally) |
0.001 |
1.17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Education (perinatally) | 0.000 | 0.69 | ||||||
aElective Cesarean Section.
bBonferroni post-hoc tests are used ; 1–4 = significant differences between Match 1 and Mismatch 2.
*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.
cPrior sexual abuse, medical risk, parity and education are dichotomous variables, means are therefore indicating proportions.