Table 2.
Patient characteristics.
| Usual care |
BCST |
AAC + SLP |
Total |
p-value |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unit A (n = 15) |
Unit B (n = 15) |
Unit A (n = 14) |
Unit B (n = 15) |
Unit A (n = 15) |
Unit B (n = 15) |
Unit A (n = 44) |
Unit B (n = 45) |
Group | Unit | Group by unit | |
| Total (n = 30) | Total (n = 29) | Total (n = 30) | Total (N = 89) | ||||||||
| Demographic characteristic | |||||||||||
| Age (years) | 54.1 ± 15.6 | 58.5 ± 16.1 | 58.4 ± 16.9 | 57.8 ± 14.7 | 58.4 ± 10.1 | 53.7 ± 20.8 | 57.0 ± 14.2 | 56.7 ± 17.1 | .87 | .93 | .55 |
| 56.3 ± 15.7 | 58.1 ± 15.5 | 56.1 ± 16.2 | 56.8 ± 15.7 | ||||||||
| Femalea | 5 (33) | 11 (73) | 8 (57) | 8 (53) | 6 (40) | 7 (47) | 19 (43) | 26 (58) | .64 | .25 | .23 |
| 16 (53) | 16 (55) | 13 (43) | 45 (51) | ||||||||
| Whitea | 12 (80) | 11 (73) | 13 (93) | 13 (87) | 15 (100) | 15 (100) | 40 (91) | 39 (87) | .03 | NA | 1.00 |
| 23 (77) | 26 (90) | 30 (100) | 79 (89) | ||||||||
| Education (years) | 13.1 ± 2.2 | 12.9 ± 1.9 | 13.6. ± 2.8 | 12.4 ± 2.1 | 14.1 ± 3.7 | 12.8 ± 2.7 | 13.6 ± 2.9 | 12.7 ± 2.2 | .74 | .11 | .61 |
| 13.0 ± 2.0 | 13.0 ± 2.5 | 13.5 ± 3.2 | 13.2 ± 2.6 | ||||||||
| Clinical characteristic | |||||||||||
| APACHE III score | 48.6 ± 9.9 | 50.3 ± 16.2 | 55.9. ± 11.7 | 56.3 ± 25.6 | 59.0 ± 13.3 | 50.5 ± 17.7 | 54.5 ± 12.3 | 52.4 ± 20.0 | .27 | .56 | .44 |
| 49.5 ± 13.2 | 56.1 ± 19.8 | 54.8 ± 16.0 | 53.4 ± 16.6 | ||||||||
| Days intubated prior to enrollment | 62.8 ± 63.5 | 24.8 ± 13.5 | 64.3 ± 49.7 | 66.1 ± 78.3 | 80.4 ± 46.7 | 97.1 ± 119.9 | 69.3 ± 53.2 | 62.7 ± 86.5 | .02 | .73 | .72 |
| 12.6 ± 11.7 | 27.9 ± 24.0 | 28.7 ± 31.0 | 23.0 ± 24.5 | ||||||||
| Intubation type: tracheostomy | 13 (87) | 5 (33) | 13 (93) | 10 (67) | 14 (93) | 13 (87) | 40 (91) | 28 (62) | .09 | .01 | .53 |
| 18 (60) | 23 (79) | 27 (90) | 68 (76) | ||||||||
| Physical restraint | 0 (0) | 6 (40) | 2 (14) | 4 (27) | 1 (7) | 3 (20) | 3 (7) | 13 (29) | .73 | .99 | .96 |
| 6 (20) | 6 (21) | 4 (13) | 16 (18) | ||||||||
| CAM-ICUa- delirium present | 2 (13) | 5 (33) | 3 (21) | 6 (40) | 3 (20) | 2 (13) | 8 (18) | 13 (29) | .68 | .48 | .53 |
| 7 (23) | 9 (45) | 5 (23) | 21 (32) | ||||||||
| RASSa- sedated/agitated | 12 (80) | 11 (73) | 12 (86) | 7 (47) | 13 (87) | 11 (73) | 37 (84) | 14 (64) | .80 | .12 | .55 |
| 7 (23) | 19 (66) | 24 (80) | 66 (74) | ||||||||
| Pulmonary disease/infection | 10 (67) | 13 (87) | 2 (14) | 11 (73) | 7 (47) | 11 (73) | 19 (43) | 35 (78) | .03 | .00 | .44 |
| 23 (76) | 13 (45) | 18 (60) | 54 (60) | ||||||||
| Cardio, thoracic, or vascular surgery | 4 (27) | 0 (0) | 13 (93) | 2 (13) | 10 (67) | 3 (20) | 27 (61) | 5 (11) | .00 | .00 | .37 |
| 4 (13) | 15 (52) | 13 (43) | 32 (36) | ||||||||
| Postoperative complications | 6 (40) | 1 (7) | 13 (93) | 2 (13) | 4 (27) | 4 (27) | 23 (52) | 7 (16) | .04 | .00 | .00 |
| 7 (23) | 15 (52) | 8 (27) | 30 (34) | ||||||||
Note: Mean and standard deviation reported for continuous data (Mean + SD) and count and percentages (n, (%)) reported for categorical data. Abbreviations: BCST = basic communication skills training, AAC + SLP = basic communication skills training and electronic augmentative and alternative communication device education with an individualized speech language pathologist consultation, APACHE III = acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, version 3, CAM-ICU = confusion assessment method for the ICU, RASS = Richmond agitation and sedation scale.
p-value from an F-test from two-way analysis of variance.
a
p-value using exact estimation in binary logistic regression.