Figure 3.

¹H HR-MACS NMR study of stressed cells. (A) Spectral comparison of averaged spectra (n = 5): red corresponds to stressed cells and blue to non-stressed cells. The ΔS spectrum is the spectral difference between stressed and non-stressed cells, where the positive peaks correspond to the increased in metabolite contents in stressed cell, and the negative peaks in the non-stressed cells. The assignments including the abbreviations are listed in Table S1 in SI. (B) Bar-graph representation of the relative integral in arbitrary units for different metabolites. The results are reported with the mean values and the standard deviation as error bars. The p-value for each metabolite comparison is <0.001 with the exception of alanine and ethanol, which are stated in the bar-graph. Detailed information can be found in Table S2. (C) OPLS-DA score and (D) loadings plots with Q² = 0.987, R²Y(cum) = 0.995 and R²X(cum) = 0.965.