Table 5.

Fully Adjusted Logistic Regression Models for Relative Risk of 6-Year Substantial Cognitive Decline in Older Persons by Serum 25(OH)D Level, Including Adjustment for Potential Mediators^a

Measure of Substantial Cognitive Declineb	Serum 25(OH)D Level, nmol/L				P Value for Linear Trend
	≥75	≥50 to <75	≥25 to <50	<25
MMSE	1 [Reference]	1.24 (0.88-1.63)	1.09 (0.78-1.44)	1.61 (1.19-2.01)	.02
Trails A	1 [Reference]	0.98 (0.57-1.55)	1.18 (0.75-1.72)	1.16 (0.65-1.72)	.44
Trails B	1 [Reference]	1.00 (0.74-1.24)	1.11 (0.87-1.31)	1.32 (1.03-1.51)	.05

Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale³⁰; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination²⁹ (range, 0-30; higher score represents better function); Trails, Trail Making Tests (range, 0-300; higher score represents worse function).

^aUnless otherwise indicated, data are reported as relative risk (95% confidence interval). All analyses have been adjusted for age, sex, education, baseline cognitive score, season tested, alcohol consumption, current smoking status, depressive symptoms, body mass index, total energy intake, serum vitamin E level (alpha tocopherol), and impaired mobility plus potential mediators (stroke, hypertension, and diabetes).

^bSubstantial cognitive decline was defined as 3 or more points on the MMSE and the worst 10% of cognitive decline or test discontinued for Trails A and B.