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. 2014 Jun 12;8:420. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00420

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Copyright © 2014 Mensen, Gorban, Niklaus, Kuske and Khatami.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Participant’s experiment protocol and session overview. Participants completed a total of 4 sessions throughout the day in evenly spaced times between 10 am to 4 pm. Each session started with theta-burst stimulation (TBS) to either the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or the left dorsolateral associative visual cortex in an alternating fashion with the location for first stimulation chosen at random. These locations are depicted on the image of the brain at the top. Each participant received either a continuous or intermittent TBS protocol. Following stimulation participants were required to try to maintain wakefulness for 15 min and then were allowed to sleep for another 15 min. After a 5 min break a psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) was performed to measure participants’ basic reaction times and vigilance levels.