Skip to main content
. 2014 Jun;80(12):3708–3720. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00254-14

TABLE 2.

Occurrence of microbial source tracking markers and pathogens within the CTD intervention period 2007 to 2011 on the CTD watershed

Microbial targeta % of samples positive for microbial targetb
 n
CTDD CTDU UCTDD UCTDU CTDD − UCTDD CTDD − UCTDU CTDU − UCTDD CTDU − UCTDU CTDD CTDU UCTDD UCTDU
Total Bacteroidales 91 96 LDc 74 LD 17* LD 22* 57 57 LD 46
Bacteroidales markers
    Human 2 0 LD 9 LD −7 LD −9* 57 57 LD 46
    Pig 9 0 LD 0 LD 9 LD 0 57 57 LD 46
    Ruminant 16 0 LD 9 LD 7 LD −9* 57 57 LD 46
    Muskrat 5 23 LD 11 LD −6 LD 12 57 57 LD 46
    Canada goose 4 0 LD 0 LD 4 LD 0 57 57 LD 46
    Livestock 24 0 LD 9 LD 15 LD −9* 54 57 LD 46
    Wildlife 7 23 LD 11 LD −4 LD 12 54 57 LD 46
Coliphages
    F-DNA 34 20 10 23 24* 11 10 −3 44 46 39 39
    F-RNA a/w humans 5 15 13 15 −8 −10 2 0 44 46 39 39
    F-RNA a/w animals 34 15 18 18 16 16 −3 −3 44 46 39 39
Viruses
    Hepatitis A virus 2 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 46 47 39 40
    Astrovirus a/w humans 9 9 11 4 −2 5 −2 5 32 33 27 28
    Norovirus GI a/w humans 9 9 5 5 4 4 4 4 46 47 39 40
    Norovirus GIII a/w bovines 13 15 11 7 2 6 4 8 32 33 27 28
    Norovirus GIV a/w humans 6 12 7 4 −1 2 5 8 32 33 27 28
    Sapovirus a/w humans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 32 27 28
    Torque teno virus 24 17 23 23 1 1 −6 −6 45 47 39 40
    Torque teno sus virus 27 15 15 15 12 12 0 0 44 47 39 40
    Adenovirus 40/41 a/w humans 3 6 0 3 3 0 6 3 32 47 39 40
    General adenovirus a/w humans 3 0 3 0 0 3 −3 0 32 47 39 40
Pathogenic bacteria
    Campylobacter spp. (ECORC) 70 100 68 73 2 UDSd UDS 27 27 12 22 11
    Arcobacter spp. 69 79 78 94 −9 −25* 1 −15 58 43 51 34
    Salmonella spp. 0 2 8 5 −8* −5 −6 −3 58 45 50 37
    Campylobacter spp. (PHAC) 57 73 62 76 −5 −19 11 −3 58 45 50 37
    E. coli O157:H7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 58 45 50 37
Other viruses
    Hepatitis E virus GIII (swine) 0 4 5 8 −5 −8 −1 −4 46 47 39 40
    Norovirus GII a/w human and swine 9 6 3 8 6 1 3 −2 46 47 39 40
    Rotavirus 6 0 0 7 6 −1 0 −7 32 33 27 28
a

Listeria was not monitored in this period. “Livestock” and “Wildlife” are summary classes: “Livestock” represents pigs and/or ruminants, and “Wildlife” represents muskrats and/or Canada geese.

b

Note that there were percentage point differences for most of the CTD − UCTD site percentage point values shown. Negative values indicate the occurrence of a percentage greater in UCTD versus CTD by the indicated percentage point value and site comparison. *, significant result by Fisher's exact test (P < 0.05) for pairwise comparison of sites.

c

LD, limited data.

d

UDS, data support among sites not considered equal enough to support comparative statistical analyses.