FIG 4.

Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of bacterial (A) and fungal (B) communities on grapevine leaves. PCoA was obtained with the Vegan R package using a Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrix on data of untreated plants (UNT; blue) or of plants treated with penconazole (PEN; green) or Lysobacter capsici AZ78 (AZ78; orange) in Udine (UD), San Michele all'Adige (SM1), and San Michele all'Adige protected from rain (SM2). PERMANOVA was performed using ADONIS function and a Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrix. Significant differences were detected among grapevine locations for both bacterial (P = 0.001) and fungal (P = 0.007) data but not among treatments (P = 0.112 and P = 0.542 for bacteria and fungi, respectively).