The expression of enzymes in pyruvate metabolism. Reporter assays using the promoters of the genes encoding l-lactate dehydrogenase (LdhL1) (A), pyruvate dehydrogenase subunit E1αβ (PdhAB) (B), aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhE) (C), or pyruvate formate-lyase (PflB) (D). W11 cells harboring plasmid pAM-lacZ, pAM-PldhL1-lacZ, pAM-PpdhAB-lacZ, pAM-PadhE-lacZ, or pAM-PpflB-lacZ were cultured in M-MRS broth containing either 50 mM glucose (Glc) or 100 mM glycerol (Gly) for 8 h (glucose) or 16 h (glycerol) under aerobic (red bars) and anaerobic (blue bars) conditions. The LacZ activity in W11 cells harboring control plasmid pAM-lacZ was less than 0.01 μmol mg−1 protein min−1. The data shown are the means of results from three experiments. Bars indicate standard errors. P < 0.05. (E) Colorimetric reporter assay for the pflB gene promoter. W11 bacteria harboring pAM-lacZ (LacZ) or pAM-PpflB-lacZ (PpflB-LacZ) were streaked on M-MRS plates containing 5 mM 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-d-galactoside and incubated for 48 h under aerobic conditions. The added carbon source was either 50 mM glucose (Glc) or 100 mM glycerol (Gly). (F) RT-PCR to detect the pflA and pflB transcripts in W11. The strain was cultured in M-MRS broth containing 100 mM glycerol for 16 h under aerobic (+O2) or anaerobic (−O2) conditions. DNA size markers (M) are shown in kb.