(A and B) Infection of HFF and hESC-derived neurons with GFP-expressing VZV. VZV-infected hESC-derived neurons (A) and VZV-infected human foreskin fibroblasts (B) at time of harvest for RNA. Left panels, phase-contrast micrographs; right panels, fluorescence micrographs. Bars, 100 μm. (C) Venn diagram summarizing gene expression changes in neurons and fibroblasts following infection with VZV. The red circle represents the expression of 2,609 genes altered in infected fibroblasts compared to uninfected fibroblasts; 1,654 genes were upregulated and 955 genes were downregulated. Out of these genes, 2,474 genes were altered specifically in fibroblasts. The green circle represents the expression of 378 genes altered in infected neurons compared to uninfected neurons; 340 genes were upregulated and 38 genes were downregulated. Out of these, 223 genes were altered only in neurons.