FIG 3.

The immune response to CVB3 is not induced in ncKO mice. Serum of CVB3-inoculated WT and ncKO animals was collected 4 and 10 days after infection (dpi). (A) Specific antibody production was determined using a CVB3 serum ELISA. At 4 dpi, CVB3-specific IgGs are present in WT animals and increase through day 10 postinfection. No CVB3-specific antibodies were detected in ncKO animals. (B) In the acute phase of infection, the inflammation marker RANTES was upregulated more than 5-fold in the serum of WT but not ncKO animals. At 10 dpi, serum levels of RANTES are decreased in WT mice but still elevated compared to those in ncKO mice. *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.005. Uninfected: WT, n = 3; ncKO, n = 6; 4 dpi: WT, n = 4; ncKO, n = 3; 10 dpi: WT, n = 6; ncKO, n = 8.