Table 5. Multiple linear regression of demographic characteristics associated with subscale scores on the parent-rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) among 21,108 children from 8 provinces in China.

	Regression coefficient (β)	Standardized regression coefficient (Beta)	t	p	Adjusted R2 (p-value)
Emotional symptoms					0.015 (<0.001)
female gender	0.07	0.02	2.67	0.008
age	0.02	0.02	2.32	0.020
non-parents as informants	0.32	0.05	7.56	<0.001
rural resident	0.37	0.10	14.19	<0.001
regional economic levela
medium	0.17	0.04	5.30	<0.001
low	0.14	0.03	4.24	<0.001
Hyperactivity/Inattention					0.030 (<0.001)
female gender	-0.59	-0.13	-20.00	<0.001
age	-0.12	-0.10	-15.52	<0.001
non-parents as informants	-0.06	-0.01	-1.17	0.244
rural resident	-0.14	-0.03	-4.86	<0.001
regional economic levela
medium	-0.07	-0.02	-1.97	0.049
low	-0.17	-0.04	-4.88	<0.001
Conduct problems					0.010 (<0.001)
female gender	-0.20	-0.06	-9.38	<0.001
age	-0.01	-0.02	-2.40	0.016
non-parents as informants	0.18	0.03	5.03	<0.001
rural resident	0.17	0.05	7.56	<0.001
regional economic levela
medium	0.06	0.02	2.27	0.023
low	0.14	0.04	5.24	<0.001
Peer relationship problems					0.037 (<0.001)
female gender	-0.04	-0.01	-1.62	0.105
age	0.06	0.07	10.01	<0.001
non-parents as informants	0.34	0.06	9.05	<0.001
rural resident	0.45	0.13	19.40	<0.001
regional economic levela
medium	0.26	0.07	9.44	<0.001
low	0.32	0.09	11.63	<0.001
Total difficulties					0.019 (<0.001)
female gender	-0.76	-0.08	-11.39	<0.001
age	-0.06	-0.02	-3.28	0.001
non-parents as informants	0.78	0.05	7.20	<0.001
rural resident	0.84	0.08	12.56	<0.001
regional economic levela
medium	0.42	0.04	5.20	<0.001
low	0.42	0.04	5.22	<0.001
Prosocial behavior					0.027 (<0.001)
female gender	0.32	0.08	11.47	<0.001
age	0.03	0.03	4.33	<0.001
non-parents as informants	-0.29	-0.04	-6.35	<0.001
rural resident	-0.43	-0.10	-15.32	<0.001
regional economic levela
medium	-0.27	-0.06	-7.82	<0.001
low	-0.40	-0.09	-11.60	<0.001

^a High economic level is the reference group