Figure 1.

Bioprocessing of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Illustrations showing phase contrast images of (a) two-dimensional human embryonic stem cell colony culture in mTeSR™1 medium and (b) human embryonic stem cell-derived beating cardiomyocytes (encircled by the red line). Scale bars are 200 μm. For small scale production, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can be expanded from (c) single layer tissue culture flasks to (d) multilayer flasks (Corning HYPERFlask^®) with minimal controls. For clinical and commercial applications, hPSCs can be expanded and differentiated in suspension as (e) cell aggregates or on (f) microcarriers in bioreactors (g,h) with automated controls. 2D, two-dimensional; EB, embryoid body; qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.