Table 1.
Characteristics of subjects and test of difference between specified categories
| Variables a | All subjects 2011-2012 N (%) | Subjects 2011 n (%) | Subjects 2012 n (%) | OGTT 2011-2012 N (%) | GDM 2011-2012 N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Maternal (yrs) |
184130 (99.8) |
88016 (99.7) |
96025 (99.9) |
38302 (99.8) |
2579 (99.8) |
| Mean(SD) |
30.25 (5.3) |
30.27 (5.3) |
30.23 (5.3) |
30.36 (5.4) |
31.86 (5.5) |
| Min-Max |
13-57 |
13-53 |
13-57 |
15-54 |
16-53 |
|
Maternal age |
|
|
|
|
|
| ≤19 |
2688 (1.5) |
1369 (1.6) |
1319 (1.4) |
469 (17.6) |
23 (0.9) |
| 20-24 |
25212 (13.7) |
11990 (13.8) |
13222 (13.8) |
5293 (21.2) |
239 (1.0) |
| 25-29 |
53971 (29.3) |
25570 (29.0) |
28393 (29.6) |
11257 (21.0) |
618 (1.1) |
| 30-34 |
61706 (33.5) |
29463 (33.4) |
32243 (33.6) |
12432 (20.3) |
837 (1.4) |
| 35-39 |
33225 (18.0) |
16215 (18.4) |
17010 (17.7) |
7130 (21.5) |
642 (1.9) |
| ≥40 |
738 (4.0) |
3490 (4.0) |
3838 (4.0) |
1748 (24.0) |
220 (3.0) |
|
Parity |
181292 (98.4) |
86189 (96.0) |
95103 (98.2) |
37603(96.8) |
2548 (97.3) |
| 1 |
79250 (43.7) |
37569 (43.6) |
41681 (43.8) |
15493 (19.7) |
949 (1.2 |
| 2 |
67902 (37.5) |
32340 (37.5) |
35562 (37.4) |
14130 (20.9) |
861 (1.3) |
| ≥3 |
34140 (18.8) |
16280 (18.9) |
17860 (18.8) |
7980 (22.8) |
738 (2.9) |
|
Gest age
bc
|
180822 (98.2) |
86434 (97.9) |
94388 (98.1) |
37684 (97.2) |
2513 (97.6) |
|
Pre-term |
9838 (5.4) |
4689 (5.4) |
5149 (5.5) |
1914 (19.6) |
209 (2.1) |
|
Term |
156599 (86.6) |
74874 (86.6) |
81725 (86.6) |
32714 (21.0) |
2208 (1.4) |
|
Post-term |
14385 (8.0) |
6871 (8.0) |
7514 (8.0) |
3056 (21.4) |
96 (0.7) |
|
Weight (kg) |
179343 (97.4) |
85359 (97.9) |
93984 (97.9) |
37062 (96.8) |
2510 (97.3) |
| Mean (SD) |
68.50 (13.7) |
68.40 (13.6) |
68.59 (13.7) |
75.45 (17.7) |
7704 (18.6) |
| Min-Max |
29-183 |
29-183 |
30-183 |
36-183 |
40-163 |
|
Height (cm) |
180124 (97.8) |
85764 (97.3) |
94360 (98.2) |
37762 (97.3) |
2519 (97.7) |
| Mean (SD) |
166.2 (6.5) |
166.2 (6.5) |
166.2 (6.5) |
166.2 (6.6) |
163.8 (6.8) |
| Min-Max |
113-196 |
113-193 |
113-196 |
133-195 |
133-187 |
|
BMI (kg/m
2
)
d
|
178723 (97.0) |
85046 (97.5) |
|
36967 (96.8) |
2496(96.8) |
| Mean (SD) |
24.78 (4.6) |
24.74 (4.6) |
24.82 (4.7) |
27.29 (6.1) |
28.70 (6.3) |
| Min-max |
13.6-62.6 |
13.8-62.1 |
13.6-60.0 |
13.6-62.1) |
16.0-60.0 |
|
BMI early pregnancy |
178723 (97.0) |
85046 (97.5) |
93677 (96.7) |
36967 (96.5) |
2496(96.8) |
| <18.5 |
4329 (2.4) |
2031 (2.4) |
2298 (2.5) |
586 (13.6) |
23 (0.5) |
| 18.5-24.99 |
1056679(59.1) |
50622(59.5) |
55057 (58.8) |
15633 (14.9) |
789 (0.7) |
| 25-29.99 |
45667 (25.6) |
21641 (25.4) |
24026 (25.6) |
9285 (20.4) |
754 (1.7) |
| 30-34.99 |
16126 (9.0) |
7537 (8.8) |
8589 (9.2) |
6793 (42.4) |
511 (3.2) |
| 35-39.99 |
5117 (2.9) |
2379 (2.8) |
2738 (2.9) |
3327 (65.7) |
285 (5.8) |
| ≥40 |
1805 (1.0) |
836 (1.0) |
969 (1.0) |
1313 (73.3) |
134 (7.4) |
|
Educational level |
151600 (82.3) |
70638 (79.5) |
80962 (84.0) |
32183 (82.3) |
2003 (76.5) |
| Elementary school |
13532 (8.9) |
6662 (9.4) |
6870 (8.5) |
3239 (24.1) |
309 (2.4) |
| High school |
60481 (39.9) |
27821 (39.4) |
32660 (40.3) |
14263 (23.7) |
904 (1.5) |
| University |
77587 (51.2) |
36155 (51.2) |
41432 (51.2) |
14681 (19.0) |
790 (1.0) |
|
Employment status |
179628 (97.5) |
85165 (94.6) |
94463 (98.0) |
37330 (96.1) |
2501 (95.6) |
| Employede |
159566 (88.8) |
75669 (88.8) |
83897 (88.8) |
32805 (21.9) |
2057 (1.6) |
| Unemployedf |
20062 (11.2) |
9496 (11.2) |
10566 (11.2) |
4525 (22.9) |
444 (2.4) |
|
Country of origin |
184132 (100) |
88140 (100) |
96043 (100) |
38308 (97.6) |
2579 (97.2) |
| Sweden |
144563 (78.5) |
70376 (79.8) |
74187 (77.2) |
29637 (20.6) |
1613 (1.1) |
| Nordic countriesg |
1445 (0.8) |
613 (0.7) |
832 (0.9) |
350 (24.6) |
23 (1.7) |
| Other countries |
34134 (18.5) |
17151 (19.5) |
21024 (21.9) |
8318 (22.4) |
943 (2.8) |
|
Visits at ANC
h
|
182137 (98.9) |
86822 (98.6) |
95315 (99.2) |
37917(99.0) |
2534 (98.3) |
| Mean: |
8.8 (2.4) |
8.8 (2.4) |
8.7 (2.7) |
9.0 (2.4) |
9.3 (3.0) |
| Max-min: |
1-29 |
2-26 |
1-24 |
1-29 |
1-26 |
|
SRH
i
|
153227 (83.2) |
70633 (79.1) |
82594 (85.7) |
32442 (83.3) |
2102 (80.3) |
| Very good |
44310 (28.9) |
19838 (28.1) |
24472 (29.6) |
8484 (19.2) |
422 (1.0) |
| Good |
89740 (58.6) |
41299 (58.5) |
48441 (58.6) |
19650 (22.0) |
1317 (1.5) |
| Either good or poor |
13755 (9.0) |
6793 (9.6) |
6962 (8.4) |
3142 (23.0) |
260 (1.9) |
| Poor |
4371 (2.9) |
2174 (3.1) |
2197 (2.7) |
950 (21.8) |
82 (1.9) |
| Very poor |
1051 (0.7) |
529 (0.7) |
522 (0.6) |
216 (20.7) |
21 (2.0) |
|
Smoking 3 months
j
|
182532 (99.1) |
75316 (98.8) |
81797 (99.2) |
38305 (97.5) |
2579(97.6) |
| No smoking |
157113 (85.2) |
75316 (85.5) |
81797 (86.1) |
31718 (20.3) |
2167(1.4) |
| Smoking |
25419 (14.8) |
12134 (14.5) |
13285 (13.9) |
5976 (23.7) |
387 (1.6) |
|
Smoking first visit |
182619 (99.0) |
84134 (94.2) |
96043 (98.5) |
38305 (97.6) |
2579 (97.6) |
| No smoking |
172082 (94.3) |
82451 (94.2) |
89631 (94.1) |
35139 (20.5) |
2380 (1.5) |
| Smoking | 10537 (5.7) | 5062 (5.7) | 5475 (5.9) | 2578 (24.6) | 174 (1.7) |
aFor each specified variable, n and% are presented.
bGestational age calculated using the WHO’s guidelines.
cPre-term = 22 + 0-36 + 6, Term = 37 + 0-41 + 6, Post-term = 42 + 0–43 + 6 (weeks).
dBody mass index (BMI).
eEmployed includes employed, student, and parental leave.
fUnemployed includes unemployed, sick leave, and other.
gNorway, Denmark, Finland, and Iceland.
hAntenatal care unit (ANC).
iSelf-rated health (SRH).
jSmoking three months before pregnancy.