Table 3. School-level independent variables included in C&RT and CIT analysis (n = 39).
| Independent Variable | Response | N (%) | Variable Type | WASH Characteristic |
| Intervention status2 | Intervention group | 20 (51%) | Dichotomous | WASH |
| Control group | 19 (49%) | |||
| Pupil enrollment (2009)3 | Parameterized by quintiles | NA | Ordinal | Demographic |
| Available drinking water2 | Yes | 23 (59%) | Dichotomous | Water |
| Available hand washing water2 | Yes | 23 (59%) | Dichotomous | Water |
| Current season improved water source1 | Yes | 27 (69%) | Dichotomous | Water |
| Dry season improved water source1 | Yes | 19 (49%) | Dichotomous | Water |
| Mean (SD) | ||||
| Drinking water always available4 | Proportion of pupils responding “yes,” per school | 0.51 (0.4) | Continuous | Water |
| Hand washing water always available4 | Proportion of pupils responding “yes,” per school | 0.39 (0.4) | Continuous | Hygiene |
| Soap always available4 | Proportion of pupils responding “yes,” per school | 0.12 (0.1) | Continuous | Hygiene |
| Acceptable latrines per 100 pupils5 | Observation and school records | 1.03 (1.6) | Continuous | Sanitation |
| Latrine Structure6 | Observation and principal component analysis | NA | Continuous | Sanitation |
| Latrine Cleanliness6 | Observation and principal component analysis | NA | Continuous | Sanitation |
1
Reported by respondent (head teacher); “improved” based on definitions by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation [34].
2
Observed by interviewer.
3
Obtained from school records.
4
Originally a yes/no variable reported individually by each pupil, then combined to get a percent of pupils reporting “yes” for each school.
5
Calculated using principal component analysis derived from observation and school enrollment records.
6
Calculated using principal component analysis derived from observation.