Table 2.

Clinical studies using radiopharmaceuticals for stem cell tracking in neurology.

Study reference	Radiopharmaceutical	Route	Cell type	Type of lesion	Time from lesion	Number of treated patients (number of controls)	Number of cells injected	Infusion volume, rate, and duration	Imaging time points
Correa et al., 2007 [36]	99mTc-HMPAO	Middle cerebral artery	BM-MNCs	Middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke	9 days	1 (no controls)	3 × 107	Not specified	8 h
Barbosa da Fonseca et al., 2009 [37], 2010 [38]; Battistella et al., 2011 [39]; Rosado-de-Castro et al., 2013 [40]	99mTc	Middle cerebral artery or cephalic vein	BM-MNCs	Middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke	19–89 days	12 (no controls)	1 × 108 to 5 × 108	10 mL in 10 min (1 mL/min)	2 and 24 h

^99mTc: Technetium-99m; ^99mTc-HMPAO: Technetium-99m-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime; BM-MNCs: bone marrow mononuclear cells.