Table 4. Descriptive statistics for physical performance measures according to age group (women).

Variables	Mean ± standard deviation																		P
				Age group															for trend
	Overall			65–69			70–74			75–79			80–84			85 or over
Hand-grip strength, kg	20.4	±	5.0	22.8	±	4.4	21.2	±	4.5	19.1	±	4.8	17.4	±	4.3	15.2	±	4.8	<0.001
Weight-adjusted hand-grip strength,	0.41	±	0.10	0.44	±	0.10	0.42	±	0.10	0.39	±	0.10	0.37	±	0.10	0.35	±	0.12	<0.001
[strength (kg)/weight (kg)]
(n)	(2454)			(581)			(822)			(645)			(345)			(61)
One-legged stance with eyes open, s	36.8	±	23.4	48.5	±	18.7	38.9	±	22.7	28.4	±	22.4	20.0	±	19.9	10.6	±	15.2	<0.001
(n)	(1766)			(587)			(543)			(375)			(213)			(48)
Usual gait speed, m/s	1.25	±	0.27	1.39	±	0.22	1.31	±	0.23	1.18	±	0.25	1.05	±	0.28	0.92	±	0.25	<0.001
Height-adjusted usual gait speed,	0.84	±	0.18	0.93	±	0.14	0.88	±	0.15	0.80	±	0.17	0.72	±	0.19	0.65	±	0.17	<0.001
[speed (m/s)/height (m)]
(n)	(2506)			(588)			(845)			(653)			(352)			(68)
Usual gait step length, cm	60.8	±	10.0	65.4	±	7.4	63.3	±	8.4	58.1	±	9.9	54.1	±	10.1	48.1	±	9.9	<0.001
Height-adjusted usual gait step length,	41.5	±	6.2	43.9	±	4.7	42.9	±	5.2	40.1	±	6.5	37.7	±	6.7	34.2	±	6.4	<0.001
[length (cm)/height (m)]
(n)	(1582)			(448)			(490)			(374)			(202)			(68)
Maximum gait speed, m/s	1.73	±	0.36	1.92	±	0.30	1.79	±	0.31	1.64	±	0.33	1.48	±	0.35	1.33	±	0.37	<0.001
Height-adjusted maximum gait speed,	1.17	±	0.23	1.28	±	0.19	1.20	±	0.20	1.12	±	0.22	1.02	±	0.23	0.94	±	0.25	<0.001
[speed (m/s)/height (m)]
(n)	(2414)			(577)			(817)			(629)			(332)			(59)
Maximum gait step length, cm	69.7	±	10.8	74.8	±	8.1	71.5	±	9.1	67.3	±	10.5	62.0	±	11.3	56.3	±	11.6	<0.001
Height-adjusted maximum gait	47.5	±	6.8	50.1	±	5.1	48.5	±	5.7	46.3	±	7.0	43.1	±	7.5	39.9	±	7.6	<0.001
step length, [length (cm)/height (m)]
(n)	(1519)			(440)			(475)			(355)			(190)			(59)