Hand-grip strength, kg |
20.4 |
± |
5.0 |
22.8 |
± |
4.4 |
21.2 |
± |
4.5 |
19.1 |
± |
4.8 |
17.4 |
± |
4.3 |
15.2 |
± |
4.8 |
<0.001 |
Weight-adjusted hand-grip strength, |
0.41 |
± |
0.10 |
0.44 |
± |
0.10 |
0.42 |
± |
0.10 |
0.39 |
± |
0.10 |
0.37 |
± |
0.10 |
0.35 |
± |
0.12 |
<0.001 |
[strength (kg)/weight (kg)] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(n) |
(2454) |
(581) |
(822) |
(645) |
(345) |
(61) |
|
One-legged stance with eyes open, s |
36.8 |
± |
23.4 |
48.5 |
± |
18.7 |
38.9 |
± |
22.7 |
28.4 |
± |
22.4 |
20.0 |
± |
19.9 |
10.6 |
± |
15.2 |
<0.001 |
(n) |
(1766) |
(587) |
(543) |
(375) |
(213) |
(48) |
|
Usual gait speed, m/s |
1.25 |
± |
0.27 |
1.39 |
± |
0.22 |
1.31 |
± |
0.23 |
1.18 |
± |
0.25 |
1.05 |
± |
0.28 |
0.92 |
± |
0.25 |
<0.001 |
Height-adjusted usual gait speed, |
0.84 |
± |
0.18 |
0.93 |
± |
0.14 |
0.88 |
± |
0.15 |
0.80 |
± |
0.17 |
0.72 |
± |
0.19 |
0.65 |
± |
0.17 |
<0.001 |
[speed (m/s)/height (m)] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(n) |
(2506) |
(588) |
(845) |
(653) |
(352) |
(68) |
|
Usual gait step length, cm |
60.8 |
± |
10.0 |
65.4 |
± |
7.4 |
63.3 |
± |
8.4 |
58.1 |
± |
9.9 |
54.1 |
± |
10.1 |
48.1 |
± |
9.9 |
<0.001 |
Height-adjusted usual gait step length, |
41.5 |
± |
6.2 |
43.9 |
± |
4.7 |
42.9 |
± |
5.2 |
40.1 |
± |
6.5 |
37.7 |
± |
6.7 |
34.2 |
± |
6.4 |
<0.001 |
[length (cm)/height (m)] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(n) |
(1582) |
(448) |
(490) |
(374) |
(202) |
(68) |
|
Maximum gait speed, m/s |
1.73 |
± |
0.36 |
1.92 |
± |
0.30 |
1.79 |
± |
0.31 |
1.64 |
± |
0.33 |
1.48 |
± |
0.35 |
1.33 |
± |
0.37 |
<0.001 |
Height-adjusted maximum gait speed, |
1.17 |
± |
0.23 |
1.28 |
± |
0.19 |
1.20 |
± |
0.20 |
1.12 |
± |
0.22 |
1.02 |
± |
0.23 |
0.94 |
± |
0.25 |
<0.001 |
[speed (m/s)/height (m)] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(n) |
(2414) |
(577) |
(817) |
(629) |
(332) |
(59) |
|
Maximum gait step length, cm |
69.7 |
± |
10.8 |
74.8 |
± |
8.1 |
71.5 |
± |
9.1 |
67.3 |
± |
10.5 |
62.0 |
± |
11.3 |
56.3 |
± |
11.6 |
<0.001 |
Height-adjusted maximum gait |
47.5 |
± |
6.8 |
50.1 |
± |
5.1 |
48.5 |
± |
5.7 |
46.3 |
± |
7.0 |
43.1 |
± |
7.5 |
39.9 |
± |
7.6 |
<0.001 |
step length, [length (cm)/height (m)] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(n) |
(1519) |
(440) |
(475) |
(355) |
(190) |
(59) |
|