. 2014 Jun 12;9(6):e99638. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099638

Table 3. Adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident functional disability.

	Crude		Model 1 ^a)		Model 2 ^b)		Model 3 ^c)		Model 4^d)		Model 5^e)
	HR	95%CI	HR	95%CI	HR	95%CI	HR	95%CI	HR	95%CI	HR	95%CI
Number of types of organizations
0	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
1	0.85^*	0.75–0.98	0.83^*	0.73–0.95	0.87	0.76–1.00	0.89	0.78–1.02	0.88	0.77–1.01	0.93	0.81–1.07
2	0.61^*	0.51–0.72	0.72^*	0.61–0.85	0.79^*	0.66–0.93	0.82^*	0.69–0.98	0.82^*	0.69–0.98	0.91	0.76–1.09
≥3	0.39^*	0.32–0.48	0.57^*	0.46–0.70	0.63^*	0.52–0.78	0.69^*	0.56–0.86	0.68^*	0.55–0.83	0.78^*	0.63–0.96

Type of social participation (reference: non-participation of each organization)
Local community	0.86^*	0.77–0.96	0.85^*	0.76–0.96	0.89^*	0.79–1.00	0.90	0.80–1.02	0.89^*	0.79–1.00	0.94	0.83–1.06
Hobby	0.53^*	0.46–0.61	0.75^*	0.64–0.87	0.78^*	0.66–0.91	0.80^*	0.69–0.94	0.82^*	0.70–0.96	0.85^*	0.73–1.00
Sports	0.41^*	0.34–0.49	0.66^*	0.54–0.81	0.69^*	0.56–0.85	0.71^*	0.58–0.87	0.69^*	0.56–0.84	0.73^*	0.59–0.90
Religion	1.20^*	1.03–1.41	1.07	0.90–1.27	1.08	0.91–1.28	1.06	0.89–1.26	1.10	0.93–1.31	1.09	0.92–1.30
Industry	0.70^*	0.57–0.86	1.07	0.84–1.35	1.08	0.85–1.37	1.11	0.87–1.41	1.09	0.86–1.39	1.13	0.88–1.44
Volunteer	0.53^*	0.42–0.66	0.92	0.70–1.20	0.94	0.72–1.23	0.95	0.73–1.25	0.98	0.74–1.28	0.99	0.76–1.30
Politics	0.87	0.71–1.08	1.18	0.93–1.50	1.19	0.94–1.52	1.21	0.95–1.54	1.24	0.98–1.58	1.24	0.97–1.58
Citizen	0.75	0.56–1.01	1.33	0.96–1.84	1.32	0.95–1.83	1.37	0.99–1.90	1.36	0.98–1.89	1.36	0.98–1.90

^a)

Model 1 is adjusted for age, sex, annual equivalized income, educational attainment, marital status, occupational status and self-reported medical conditions. In addition, participation in all 8 organizations is added only for “type of social participation”.

^b)

Model 2 is adjusted for the covariates in Model 1 plus smoking, alcohol consumption, walking time and frequency of going outdoors.

^c)

Model 3 is adjusted for the covariates in Model 1 plus depression, emotional support, instrumental support and frequency of meeting friends.

^d)

Model 4 is adjusted for the covariates in Model 1 plus IADL.

^e)

Model 5 is adjusted for the covariates in Model 1 plus smoking, alcohol consumption, walking time, frequency of going outdoors, depression, emotional support, instrumental support, frequency of meeting friends and IADL.

* Statistically significant variable (p<0.05).