Fig. 1.

Tumor implantation in the abdominal cavity after laparoscopic surgery using the CT-26 cell line. Implantation in the abdominal cavity (box plots) of CT-26 tumor cells, injected i.p. as 0.1, 0.3, and 1 × 10⁶ in control mice (no surgery and no pneumoperitoneum; groups: I, II, and III, respectively; open bars) or after 60 min of pneumoperitoneum with non-humidified CO₂; groups IV, V, and VI, respectively; dark bars). Implantation increased with the number of cells (p < 0.001) and with peritoneal damage (p = 0.018)