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. 2014 Jun 13;4:5285. doi: 10.1038/srep05285

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(A–G) Effect of 24 hours treatment with econazole, miconazole, tioconazole and bifonazole in Hepa1.6 on ATP level (A), redox potential (B), Δψm (C), DNA content (D), extra-cellular acidification rate (ECAR) (E), basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) (F) and uncoupled OCR (G). (H) Acute effect of imidazoles on OCR in Hepa1.6. Measurement was performed 3 minutes after addition of the compounds. Results are expressed as ratio over DMSO control and as mean ± SEM. Grey zone represents the DMSO 95% confidence interval. Significance was tested using a two-way ANOVA test, with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparison. * P<0.05, ** P<0.01 and *** P<0.001. Graphs represent mean ± SEM. (I) Econazole, miconazole, tioconazole and bifonazole impair the development of C. elegans N2 worms at all tested concentrations. Pictures were taken at day 3 of adulthood.