Table 1.
Baseline demographics, results of physical examinations and laboratory tests and clinical diagnoses of the 4,698 study participants categorized with respect to population center a
| Characteristics |
Infection only |
Heart failure only |
Infection complicated by congestive heart failure |
Healthy controls |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 1,703) | (n = 1,364) | (n = 1,183) | (n = 448) | |
| Physical examination | ||||
| Age (mean ± SD) |
51.1 ± 10.3 |
57.9 ± 14.7 |
58.5 ± 11.4 |
57.1 ± 18.3 |
| Males (%) |
51.7 |
48.3 |
49.4 |
50.0 |
| Hypertension (%) |
3.9 |
30.8 |
11.7 |
0 |
| Chest pain (%) |
2.4 |
33.7 |
18.6 |
0 |
| Orthopnea (%) |
0 |
13.9 |
29.7 |
0 |
| Cough (%) |
41.6 |
7.8 |
23.3 |
0 |
| Fever (%) |
84.6 |
0.4 |
77.1 |
0 |
| Laboratory tests | ||||
| GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2), mean ± SD |
71.7 ± 14.3 |
61.4 ± 18.2 |
64.1 ± 17.7 |
98.4 ± 5.5 |
| WBC count (109/L) |
17.3 ± 9.7 |
7.4 ± 2.1 |
15.7 ± 8.0 |
7.8 ± 1.3 |
| CRP (mg/L) |
33.7 ± 19.6 |
11.7 ± 6.8 |
39.1 ± 18.4 |
4.7 ± 2.5 |
| Positive blood culture (%) |
39.3 |
0 |
22.7 |
0 |
| Positive secretion/hydrothorax culture (%) |
60.7 |
0 |
77.3 |
0 |
| NT-proBNP, mean ± SD |
196 ± 127 |
8,946 ± 4,969 |
5,116 ± 3,777 |
45 ± 11 |
| IL-6, mean ± SD | 21.3 ± 15.1 | 7.3 ± 3.5 | 19.4 ± 11.9 | 2.6 ± 0.9 |
aCRP, C-reactive protein; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; IL, interleukin; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; WBC, white blood cell.