Trends in issue partisanship and alignment for different levels of education and income. Estimates from the multilevel regression models with varying intercept, varying slope, and correlations grouped by issue domain. Each box compares the correlation trends in an issue domain for two mutually exclusive subgroups. The x-axis is time (1972–2004), and the y-axis is correlation (–.05 to .4). In the education models, high education means college or higher, low education means no college.