TABLE 5.
ORs (95% CIs) of reduced-fat dairy intakes at age 10 y and excess adiposity at 13 y1
| Reduced-fat dairy intakes at 10 y2 |
|||||
| Excess adiposity at age 13 y | C1: 9 ± 20 (0–50) g/d (n = 873) | C2: 106 ± 38 (42–166) g/d (n = 524) | C3: 215 ± 49 (148–300) g/d (n = 531) | C4: 439 ± 154 (265–769) g/d (n = 527) | P-trend |
| Excess fat mass, n (%) | 179 (21) | 107 (20) | 103 (19) | 102 (19) | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.58, 1.27) | 0.78 (0.52, 1.17) | 0.75 (0.48, 1.16) | 0.16 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.56, 1.26) | 0.82 (0.54, 1.25) | 0.72 (0.46, 1.13) | 0.16 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.58, 1.31) | 0.82 (0.53, 1.27) | 0.74 (0.46, 1.20) | 0.19 |
| Model 4 | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.56, 1.29) | 0.79 (0.51, 1.23) | 0.77 (0.47, 1.25) | 0.23 |
| Model 5 | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.56, 1.28) | 0.76 (0.49, 1.19) | 0.72 (0.44, 1.19) | 0.15 |
| Overweight, n (%) | 172 (20) | 103 (20) | 100 (19) | 108 (20) | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.56, 1.34) | 0.75 (0.48, 1.18) | 0.87 (0.54, 1.41) | 0.44 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.55, 1.33) | 0.77 (0.49, 1.22) | 0.86 (0.53, 1.40) | 0.45 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.54, 1.33) | 0.72 (0.44, 1.16) | 0.83 (0.50, 1.40) | 0.39 |
| Model 4 | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.54, 1.33) | 0.71 (0.44, 1.15) | 0.85 (0.50, 1.44) | 0.42 |
| Model 5 | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.53, 1.30) | 0.67 (0.41, 1.09) | 0.74 (0.43, 1.28) | 0.19 |
The lowest category (C1) of reduced-fat dairy intake was defined as the bottom 36% of consumers because of a large number of participants with no consumption of reduced-fat dairy products at age 10 y (as much as 36% in some sex- and BMI-specific strata). The remaining participants were categorized using tertiles (C2–C4). Excess fat mass was defined as the top quintile for sex-specific and age- and height-adjusted total body fat mass (kg) and overweight was defined by using International Obesity Taskforce age- and sex-specific weight categories (27). Multivariable logistic regression (PROC logistic in SAS) was used to examine the effects of dairy intake on the odds of excess adiposity. P-trend was determined by treating amounts of intake as a continuous variable. Model 1 (simple): age 10 y, sex, height at 10 y, total dairy at 13 y (categorical), and adiposity at 10 y (continuous); model 2 (demographic characteristics): model 1 plus maternal education and overweight status, physical activity at 13 y, pubertal stage at 13 y, and dieting at 13 y; model 3 (diet): model 2 plus age-10-y intakes of fruit juice, fruit and vegetables, total fat, total protein, sugar-sweetened beverages, fiber, and cereal; model 4 (reporting errors): model 3 additionally adjusted for dietary reporting errors at 13 y; model 5 (energy adjusted): model 4 plus adjustment for total dairy intakes. C, category.
Values represent mean ± SD (5th–95th percentile) reduced-fat dairy intakes at age 10 y.