Table 1.
Patient characteristics a
| Characteristics | All patients (N = 137) | AKI − (N = 68) | AKI + (N = 69) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) |
71.1 (56.3 to 79.8) |
68.5 (49.8 to 77.5) |
73.4 (60.3 to 80.7) |
0.044 |
| Males |
60 (45) |
35 (41.5) |
42 (60.9) |
0.38 |
| Comorbidities |
|
|
|
|
| COPD |
12 (9) |
9 (13) |
3 (4) |
0.06 |
| Diabetes mellitus |
20 (15) |
7 (10) |
13 (19) |
0.16 |
| Hypertension |
59 (43) |
23 (34) |
36 (52) |
0.03 |
| Heart failure |
19 (14) |
7 (10) |
12 (17) |
0.23 |
| CAD |
16 (12) |
6 (9) |
10 (14) |
0.3 |
| Liver disease |
10 (7) |
4 (6) |
6 (9) |
0.53 |
| Cancer |
39 (28) |
19 (30) |
20 (29) |
0.89 |
| Medication before admission |
|
|
|
|
| NSAIDs |
7 (5) |
3 (4) |
4 (6) |
0.71 |
| Diuretics |
28 (20) |
11 (16) |
17 (25) |
0.22 |
| Statins |
24 (17) |
9 (13) |
15 (22) |
0.19 |
| Steroids |
9 (7) |
3 (4) |
6 (9) |
0.32 |
| β-blockers |
29 (2) |
12 (18) |
17 (25) |
0.32 |
| Antiplatelet therapy |
27 (20) |
13 (19) |
14 (10) |
0.86 |
| Organ failure |
|
|
|
|
| Mechanical ventilation |
118 (86) |
55 (81) |
63 (91) |
0.08 |
| SAPS II |
50 (39 to 60) |
45 (33 to 52) |
57 (46 to 67) |
<0.0001 |
| Norepinephrine |
131 (96) |
65 (95) |
66 (95) |
0.82 |
| Epinephrine |
17 (12) |
4 (6) |
13 (19) |
0.02 |
| Dobutamine |
4 (3) |
3 (4) |
1 (1) |
0.3 |
| Dose of norepinephrineb |
0.44 (0.20 to 0.73) |
0.31 (0.16 to 0.54) |
0.56 (0.30 to 0.95) |
0.0005 |
| Dose of epinephrineb |
0.31 (0.14 to 0.40) |
0.23 (0.15 to 0.32) |
0.31 (0.12 to 42) |
0.70 |
| Dose of dobutamineb |
5 (5 to 5) |
5 (5 to 5) |
5 (5 to 5) |
1 |
| Hydrocortisone |
19 (14) |
2 (10.5) |
17 (25.4) |
0.17 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) |
2.8 (1.9 to 4.8) |
2.7 (1.8 to 3.9) |
3 (2.1 to 6.2) |
0.06 |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/L) |
141.5 (83 to 215.8) |
88 (68 to 143.2) |
185 (134 to 255) |
<0.0001 |
| Bilirubin (mg/ml) |
16 (9 to 27.8) |
14 (8 to 21.8) |
16 (11 to 33) |
0.04 |
| Platelet count (g/ml) |
65 (30.8 to 98.2) |
63 (28.8 to 89.2) |
67 (31 to 102) |
0.45 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) |
10.3 (9.4 to 12) |
10.3 (9.9 to 12) |
10.4 (9.3 to 12.1) |
0.39 |
| Base deficit (mmol/L) |
−7.7 (−11.3 to −3.4) |
−5 (−8.9 to −2.3) |
−8.8 (−13 to −5.8) |
0.0006 |
| Fluid balance (ml) |
3,480 (1,945 to 5,351) |
2,905 (1,350 to 4,717.5) |
3,591.5 (2,597.5 to 5,714) |
0.008 |
| Origin of sepsis |
|
|
|
|
| Abdomen |
78 (57) |
37 (54) |
41 (59) |
0.55 |
| Lung |
28 (20) |
16 (23) |
12 (17) |
0.37 |
| Urinary tract |
9 (7) |
3 (4) |
6 (9) |
0.31 |
| Soft tissue |
8 (6) |
5 (7) |
3 (4) |
0.45 |
| Other |
20 (15) |
11 (16) |
9 (13) |
0.6 |
| Nephrotoxic agents |
|
|
|
|
| Contrast media |
82 (61) |
41 (60) |
41 (60) |
0.21 |
| Vancomycin |
53 (39) |
29 (43) |
24 (35) |
0.31 |
| Aminoglycosides |
9 (7) |
5 (7) |
4 (6) |
0.71 |
| Colloids | 108 (79) | 47 (69) | 61 (88) | 0.005 |
aAKI−, no or transient acute kidney injury; AKI+, new or persistent acute kidney injury; CAD, Coronary artery disease; COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NSAID, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; SAPS II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II. bData are micrograms per kilogram per minute among patients receiving the drug. The data in the table are expressed as median (interquartile range) or number (%).