Table 1.
Potential sources of donor cells for treating WD
| Hepatocytes derived from pluripotent stem cellsa | Stem cells from adult liverb | Hepatocytes derived from extrahepatic stem cellsc |
|---|---|---|
| Embryonic stem cells | Hepatocyte subpopulations | Hematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow, peripheral blood, cord blood, etc. |
| Fetal liver stem cells | Oval cell populations | Mesenchymal stem cells |
| Induced pluripotent stem cells | Other cell types | Amniotic or placental stem cells |
a
Requires further knowledge in differentiation mechanisms and fate of transplanted cells.
b
Mature hepatocytes exhibit stem-like organ-repopulation capacity. Oval cells are morphologically identified with hepatobiliary and other markers. Whether nonparenchymal liver cell populations may generate hepatocytes is not resolved
c
More studies are needed to determine whether these cells could generate mature hepatocytes with cell therapy potential.