ScRad51-II3A mutant protein is defective in D-loop activity. (A) Schematic of D-loop assay. (B,C) D-loop formation by Rad51-WT or Rad51-II3A (1.2 μM) was examined with or without ScRad52 (0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4 and 4.8 μM) in (B); with or without ScRad54 (0.2 and 0.4 μM) in (C). Rad51 was pre-incubated with either Rad52 or Rad54, followed by incubation with 32P-labeled 90-mer ssDNA (3.6 μM nucleotides) at 37 °C. D-loops were generated upon the addition of plasmid (22 μM base pairs) to the mixture. Error bars represent SEM, N=3.