Table 1.
Patients’ characteristics
| All patients (n = 202) | No post-operative AKI (n = 82) | Post-operative AKI (n = 120) | P -value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, median (IQR) |
42 (28 to 59) |
50 (37 to 66) |
36 (27 to 51) |
<0.001 |
| Gender, male, n (%) |
134 (66.3) |
49 (59.8) |
85 (70.8) |
0.14 |
|
Comorbidities, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
| COPD |
9 (4.4) |
2 (2.4) |
7 (5.8) |
0.42 |
| Diabetes mellitus |
22 (10.9) |
7 (8.5) |
15 (12.5) |
0.63 |
| Hypertension |
60 (29.7) |
22 (26.8) |
38 (31.7) |
0.56 |
| Heart failure |
13 (6.4) |
3 (3.7) |
10 (8.3) |
0.30 |
| CAD |
11 (5.4) |
3 (3.7) |
8 (6.7) |
0.54 |
| Autoimmune disease |
8 (4.0) |
4 (4.9) |
4 (3.3) |
0.85 |
| Liver disease |
17 (8.4) |
5 (6.1) |
12 (10.0) |
0.47 |
| Cancer |
17 (8.4) |
6 (7.3) |
11 (9.2) |
0.84 |
|
Pre-operative condition |
|
|
|
|
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) |
16 (7.9) |
2 (2.4) |
14 (11.7) |
0.03 |
| Cathecolamine use, n (%) |
18 (8.9) |
4 (4.9) |
14 (11.7) |
0.16 |
| Norepinephrine, (%) |
9 (4.4) |
1 (1.2) |
8 (6.7) |
0.13 |
| Epinephrine, n (%) |
3 (1.5) |
0 (0) |
3 (2.5) |
0.39 |
| Dobutamine, n (%) |
9 (4.4) |
4 (4.9) |
5 (4.2) |
1 |
| % LVEF, median (IQR) |
65 (60 to 70) |
65 (60 to 70) |
65 (58 to 70) |
0.10 |
| Baseline serum creatinine, μmol/l, median (IQR) |
83 (75 to 100) |
78 (62 to 86) |
90 (80 to 100) |
<0.001 |
| Pre-operative serum creatinine, μmol/l, median (IQR) |
100 (76 to 132) |
77 (62 to 100) |
116 (91 to 157) |
<0.001 |
| Bilirubin, mg/ml, median (IQR) |
13 (10 to 20) |
12 (9 to 15) |
14 (11 to 22) |
0.02 |
| Platelet count, G/l, median (IQR) |
249 (187 to 319) |
261 (205 to 324) |
244 (173 to 307) |
0.06 |
| CRP, median (IQR) |
51 (11 to 87) |
46 (17 to 106) |
67 (30 to 159) |
0.10 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl, median (IQR) |
10.8 (9.5 to 11.9) |
11 .3 (10.3 to 12.3) |
10.3 (9.1 to 11.4) |
<0.001 |
|
Pre-operative nephrotoxic agents, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
| Contrast agent |
94 (46.5) |
36 (43.9) |
58 (48.3) |
0.63 |
| Vancomycin |
36 (17.8) |
6 (7.3) |
30 (25.0) |
0.002 |
| Aminoglycoside |
119 (58.9) |
45 (54.9) |
74 (61.7) |
0.41 |
|
Surgery |
|
|
|
|
| Emergency surgery, n (%) |
27 (13.4) |
9 (11.0) |
18 (15.0) |
0.54 |
| CPB duration, minutes, median (IQR) |
118 (85 to 163) |
100 (76 to 142) |
118 (95 to 1800 |
0.004 |
| Aortic clamping duration, minutes, median (IQR) |
89 (65 to 121) |
76 (59 to 100) |
90 (74 to 132) |
0.002 |
| Circulatory arrest, n (%) | 5 (2.5) | 2 (2.4) | 3 (2.5) | 1 |
AKI, acute kidney injury; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CAD, coronary artery disease; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; CRP, C reactive protein.