Table 4.

Relationship between late adolescent risk factors and maltreatment.^a

Risk factor	OR
Area characteristics
Neighborhood disorganization	1.18
Poor neighborhood integration	1.52
Neighborhood drug use	1.36
Parent stressors
Parental stress	1.47
Negative life events	1.26
Parent marijuana use	1.26
Parent alcohol use	1.66*
Exposure to family violence
Parental partner conflict	2.11*
Family hostility	1.30
Parent-child relationships
Low attachment to parent	0.72
Low attachment to child	1.64*
Inconsistent discipline	1.50
Low parent involvement	1.40
Poor supervision	0.77
Education
Low commitment to school	1.29
Low college aspirations	1.99**
Low college expectations	1.61*
Low parent college expectations for adolescent	1.37
Peer relationships
Delinquent peers	1.71*
Unsupervised time with friends	1.40
Adolescent stressors
Negative life events	0.70
Depressive symptoms	1.26
Low self-esteem	0.94
Internalizing problems	1.64*
Antisocial behaviors
Aggression	1.89**
Delinquent beliefs	0.86
General delinquency	1.56*
Problem marijuana use	1.66
Problem alcohol use	1.63
Precocious transitions
Precocious sexual activity	1.68*
Precocious parenthood	3.90***
Precocious cohabitation	4.03***
Living independently from parent	3.10***
School dropout	2.30***

^aDiscrete Time Survival Analysis, controlling for gender and area arrest rate.

^*p < 0.05.

^**p < 0.01.

^***p < 0.001.