Skip to main content
. 2014 Jun 13;9(6):e97911. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097911

Figure 8. Splenic iNOS and cytokine mRNA relative fold expression profile analysis of normal and immunized hamsters on days 45 p.c. and 90 p.c by quantitative real-time RT-PCR.

Figure 8

The expression of Th1 cytokines viz. TNF-α (c,d) as well as IFN-γ (e,f) was also observed to be ∼3.25 folds higher (p<0.001) in the hamsters of rLdH2-4 vaccinated group as compared to the other experimental as well as control groups. The expression of Th2 cytokines particularly IL-10 (i,j), IL-4(k,l) and TGF-β (m,n), known to be associated with progressive VL, were significantly down-regulated by ∼3.5 (p<0.01) to ∼4.5folds (p<0.001) in rLdH2-4 vaccinated hamsters and rLdH2B/rLdH3/rLdH2A/rLdH4 (∼1.5folds (p<0.01)). Significance values indicate the difference between the vaccinated group and infected group (**, p<0.01; and ***, p<0.001).