Table 4.

Experimental extracorporeal life support options

ECLS strategy	Possible indication(s)
VV ECMO + atrial septostomy	Refractory hypoxia and/or pulmonary hypertension on VV ECMO avoiding sternotomy
VV ECMO + transeptal return to left atrium	Refractory hypoxia and/or pulmonary hypertension on VV ECMO avoiding sternotomy
Venoarterial ECMO + transeptal access from left atrium and right atrium	Refractory left ventricular distension on venoarterial ECMO

ECLS, extracorporeal life support; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; VV, venovenous.