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Block of sodium channels triggers significant reduction in contractility. (a) Shown are force traces from a papillary muscle paced at 1 Hz before and after application of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and nifedipine. After each drug is washed out, contractility returns to baseline. (b) Shown is a bar graph showing the mean force at baseline, following TTX, washout of TTX (post TTX), following nifedipine, and washout of nifedipine (post Nifed) (n = 3 rats). **P <0.01.
