Table 1.
Main characteristics of the cohort
| Variable | All patients (N = 822) | Alive (N = 712) | Dead (N = 110) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) |
77 ± 11 |
77 ± 11 |
80 ± 9 |
0.020 |
| ≤65 |
129 (16%) |
119 (17%) |
10 (9%) |
0.033 |
| 66 to 75 |
144 (17%) |
131 (18%) |
13 (12%) |
|
| 76 to 85 |
368 (45%) |
310 (44%) |
58 (53%) |
|
| >85 |
181 (22%) |
152 (21%) |
29 (26%) |
|
| Men |
468 (57%) |
408 (57%) |
60 (55%) |
0.587 |
| Women |
354 (43%) |
304 (43%) |
50 (45%) |
|
| Type of VKA treatment |
|
|
|
|
| Fluindione |
631 (77%) |
535 (75%) |
96 (87%) |
0.005 |
| Acenocoumarol |
99 (12%) |
91 (13%) |
8 (7%) |
0.098 |
| Warfarin |
85 (10%) |
80 (11%) |
5 (5%) |
0.032 |
| Missing data |
7 |
6 |
1 |
|
| Indication for VKA treatment* |
|
|
|
|
| Atrial fibrillation |
555 (68%) |
470 (66%) |
85 (78%) |
0.013 |
| Venous thromboembolic disease |
156 (19%) |
143 (20%) |
13 (12%) |
0.043 |
| Prosthetic heart valve |
102 (12%) |
89 (13%) |
13 (12%) |
0.850 |
| Others |
79 (10%) |
66 (9%) |
13 (12%) |
0.386 |
| Duration of VKA treatment |
|
|
|
|
| <1 year |
137 (17%) |
124 (18%) |
13 (13%) |
0.223 |
| 1 to 5 years |
236 (30%) |
207 (30%) |
29 (29%) |
0.846 |
| >5 years |
426 (53%) |
367 (52%) |
59 (58%) |
0.272 |
| Missing data |
23 |
14 |
9 |
|
| Antiplatelet treatment** |
153 (19%) |
132 (19%) |
21 (19%) |
0.895 |
| Aspirin |
125 (15%) |
107 (15%) |
18 (16%) |
0.688 |
| Clopidogrel |
34 (4%) |
31 (4%) |
3 (3%) |
0.694 |
| Missing data |
1 |
1 |
0 |
|
| History of severe hemorrhage** |
103 (13%) |
93 (13%) |
10 (10%) |
0.331 |
| Missing data |
10 |
3 |
7 |
|
| Type of hemorrhage |
|
|
|
|
| Intracranial |
262 (32%) |
176 (25%) |
86 (78%) |
<0.001 |
| Gastrointestinal |
264 (32%) |
253 (36%) |
11 (10%) |
<0.001 |
| Deep-muscle hematomas |
107 (13%) |
103 (15%) |
4 (4%) |
<0.001 |
| “Other”*** |
189 (23%) |
180 (25%) |
9 (8%) |
<0.001 |
| Missing data |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
| SAP (mmHg) |
135 ± 36 |
131 ± 33 |
154 ± 47 |
<0.001 |
| SAP |
|
|
|
|
| Hypertension >140 mmHg |
334 (41%) |
263 (37%) |
71 (66%) |
<0.001 |
| Normotension 90 to 140 mmHg |
411 (50%) |
386 (54%) |
25 (23%) |
<0.001 |
| Hypotension <90 mmHg |
74 (9%) |
62 (9%) |
12 (11%) |
<0.001 |
| Missing data |
3 |
1 |
2 |
|
| GCS |
15 [15] |
15 [15] |
9 [4-15] |
<0.001 |
| GCS |
|
|
|
|
| >13 |
684 (84%) |
648 (92%) |
36 (33%) |
<0.001 |
| 9 to 13 |
65 (8%) |
45 (6%) |
20 (19%) |
<0.001 |
| ≤8 |
64 (8%) |
12 (2%) |
52 (48%) |
<0.001 |
| Missing data |
9 |
7 |
2 |
|
| Admission INR |
4.7 ± 3.4 |
4.7 ± 3.5 |
4.4 ± 2.7 |
0.236 |
| Normal (≤1.5) |
45 (5%) |
40 (6%) |
5 (5%) |
0.385 |
| Therapeutic (>1.5 to 4) |
394 (48%) |
341 (48%) |
53 (48%) |
|
| Supratherapeutic (>4) |
345 (42%) |
300 (42%) |
45 (41%) |
|
| Missing value |
38 (5%) |
31 (4%) |
7 (6%) |
|
| VKA reversal treatment |
|
|
|
|
| No guideline-concordant |
|
|
|
|
| Level 0 |
361 (44%) |
299 (42%) |
62 (56%) |
0.06 |
| Level 1 |
103 (13%) |
92 (13%) |
11 (10%) |
|
| Level 2 |
34 (4%) |
32 (5%) |
2 (2%) |
|
| Guideline-concordant |
|
|
|
|
| Level 3 |
90 (11%) |
85 (12%) |
5 (5%) |
|
| Level 4 |
217 (26%) |
190 (27%) |
27 (25%) |
|
| VKA reversal treatment |
|
|
|
|
| Not guideline-concordant (Levels 0 + 1 + 2) |
509 (62%) |
432 (61%) |
77 (70%) |
0.06 |
| Guideline-concordant (Levels 3 + 4) | 313 (38%) | 280 (39%) | 33 (30%) |
Data are mean ± SD, median [25th to 75th percentiles], or number (percentage). P-values refer to comparison between alive and dead patients at Day 7.
INR, international normalized ratio; SAP, systolic arterial blood pressure; GCS, Glasgow coma scale; VKA, vitamin K antagonist.
*The sum is higher than 100% because two indications can be established for the same patient.
**Patients with no antiplatelet treatment or no history of severe hemorrhage are deducted from the presented results.
***“Other” types include hemopericardium (N = 1), hemothorax (N = 15), vascular bound (N = 4), emergency procedures (N = 126) and shock or red blood cells transfusion for epistaxis (N = 55), hematuria (N = 34) or wound of the scalp (N = 4).