Table 2.
Patients classified by Shock Index: traditional vital signs presented at ED admission and at scene
| Group I (SI <0.6, no shock) | Group II (SI ≥0.6 to <1.0, mild shock) | Group III (SI ≥1.0 to <1.4, moderate shock) | Group IV (SI ≥1.4, severe shock) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Vital signs |
|
|
|
|
| SBP at scene (mmHg) |
|
|
|
|
| Mean ± standard deviation |
136.8 (32.8) |
121.9 (29.4) |
105.2 (33.1) |
92.9 (34.4) |
| Median (IQR) |
138 (120 to 160) |
120 (105 to 140) |
100 (90 to 120) |
90 (70 to 110) |
| SBP at ED (mmHg) |
|
|
|
|
| Mean ± standard deviation |
148.4 (25.6) |
124.1 (20.2) |
96.9 (16.8) |
70.6 (15.7) |
| Median (IQR) |
147 (130 to 160) |
120 (110 to 138) |
98 (86 to 108) |
70 (60 to 80) |
| HR at scene (beats/minute) |
|
|
|
|
| Mean ± standard deviation |
83.0 (19.2) |
94.0 (20.6) |
103.7 (26.6) |
110.5 (31.3) |
| Median (IQR) |
80 (70 to 95) |
94 (80 to 105) |
105 (90 to 120) |
115 (100 to 130) |
| HR at ED (beats/minute) |
|
|
|
|
| Mean ± standard deviation |
73.7 (13.6) |
91.3 (15.1) |
109.1 (17.9) |
122.7 (19.5) |
| Median (IQR) |
74 (65 to 80) |
90 (80 to 100) |
110 (100 to 120) |
120 (110 to 135) |
| SI at scene (beats/minute) |
|
|
|
|
| Mean ± standard deviation |
0.6 (0.2) |
0.8 (0.3) |
1.1 (0.4) |
1.3 (0.5) |
| Median (IQR) |
0.6 (0.5 to 0.7) |
0.8 (0.6 to 0.9) |
1.0 (1.0 to 1.0) |
1.2 (0.9 to 1.6) |
| GCS at scene (points) |
14 (9 to 15) |
14 (8 to 15) |
11 (4 to 15) |
8 (3 to 14) |
| GCS at ED (points) |
13 (3 to 15) |
10 (3 to 15) |
3 (3 to 12) |
3 (3 to 3) |
| Intubation rate at ED admission | 2,515 (39.3) | 5,639 (47.4) | 1,538 (68.3) | 805 (80.7) |
Data presented as n (%), mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range (IQR)). n = 21,853; P <0.001 for all parameters. ED Emergency department, GCS Glasgow coma scale, HR Heart rate, SBP Systolic blood pressure, SI Shock index.