Table 2.
Plasma and urinary concentrations of NGAL and BNP in comparison with serum and urinary concentrations of various markers of GFR impairment and urinary excretion of tubular enzymes
| CKD stage 1 | CKD stage 2 | CKD stage 3a | CKD stage 3b | CKD stage 4 | CKD stage 5 | MHD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number |
48 |
85 |
64 |
50 |
43 |
20 |
31 |
| Age (years) |
44.3 ± 2.1 |
49.1 ± 1.4 |
49.2 ± 1.7 |
52.1 ± 2.3* |
58.3 ± 2.2**** |
54.6 ± 2.4** |
69.9 ± 2.8**** |
| GFR (ml/minute/1.73 m2) |
111.3 ± 2.5 |
72.4 ± 1.0**** |
52.9 ± 0.5**** |
38.1 ± 0.6**** |
21.6 ± 0.6**** |
11.0 ± 0.6**** |
|
| Plasma NGAL (ng/ml) |
66 ± 6.4 |
114 ± 10*** |
186 ± 18**** |
273 ± 26**** |
559 ± 59**** |
862 ± 95**** |
1093 ± 56**** |
| Plasma BNP (pg/ml) |
20 ± 4.3 |
24 ± 3.4 |
40 ± 7.2* |
32 ± 5.4 |
62.9 ± 13** |
86 ± 45 |
1116 ± 248 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) |
0.8 ± 0.03 |
1.1 ± 0.03**** |
1.4 ± 0.15**** |
1.8 ± 0.17**** |
3.0 ± 0.16**** |
5.1 ± 0.28**** |
8.6 ± 0.6**** |
| Serum cystatin C (mg/l) |
0.8 ± 0.03 |
1.1 ± 0.03**** |
1.3 ± 0.04**** |
1.7 ± 0.06**** |
2.5 ± 0.11**** |
3.9 ± 0.26**** |
5.2 ± 0.2**** |
| Serum β2-microglobulin (mg/l) |
1.3 ± 0.06 |
1.8 ± 0.06**** |
2.3 ± 0.10**** |
3.3 ± 0.18**** |
5.8 ± 0.33**** |
9.5 ± 0.71**** |
32.3 ± 1.6**** |
| Urinary NGAL (ng/ml) |
13 ± 3 |
11 ± 2 |
15 ± 4 |
21 ± 6 |
38 ± 10* |
90 ± 24** |
|
| Urinary albumin (mg/dl) |
16 ± 8.4 |
39 ± 18.9 |
38 ± 11.3 |
85 ± 31.9* |
69 ± 11.4*** |
136 ± 64.5 |
|
| Urinary cystatin C (mg/l) |
0.1 ± 0.02 |
0.1 ± 0.03 |
0.2 ± 0.08 |
0.2 ± 0.08 |
0.4 ± 0.10** |
2.9 ± 1.15 |
|
| Urinary β2-microglobulin (mg/l) |
0.3 ± 0.13 |
0.3 ± 0.12 |
0.8 ± 0.26* |
1.7 ± 0.66** |
4.7 ± 1.14*** |
19 ± 4.6** |
|
| Urinary GGT (u/l) |
71 ± 7.0 |
49 ± 4.3** |
36 ± 3.9*** |
46 ± 5.9** |
44 ± 9.1* |
35 ± 7.8*** |
|
| Urinary LDH (u/l) |
31 ± 3.7 |
32 ± 4.2 |
25 ± 6.0 |
28 ± 4.3 |
24 ± 3.6 |
67 ± 32.6 |
|
| Urinary NAG (u/l) | 6.1 ± 0.5 | 6.3 ± 0.5 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 6.2 ± 0.5 | 7.3 ± 0.9 | 5.6 ± 0.7 |
Mean values ± standard errors of the mean are reported. The significance of the differences with the mean values of the group of patients at CKD stage 1 is indicated: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ***P < 0.0001. In MHD patients, plasma NGAL, BNP, serum creatinine, cystatin C and β2-microglobulin were measured immediately before the beginning of the dialysis session. BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; CKD, chronic kidney disease; GGT, gamma-glutamyl-transferase; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; NAG, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase; MHD, maintenance hemodialysis patients; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.