Table 5.
Plasma and urinary concentrations of NGAL, BNP and, for comparison, serum and urinary concentrations of various markers of GFR impairment and urinary excretion of tubular enzymes, according to the etiologies of kidney disease
| Potential kidney donors | Kidney donors | Renal transplant recipients | Chronic glomerulonephritis | Chronic kidney disease | Ischemic interstitial nephropathy | Diabetic nephropathy | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number |
33 |
45 |
42 |
50 |
63 |
29 |
36 |
| Age (years) |
50.2 ± 1.6 |
53.0 ± 1.6 |
41.8 ± 1.7***++++ |
43.2 ± 2.2* |
55.5 ± 1.7* |
58.1 ± 2.8* |
49.9 ± 2.7 |
| GFR (ml/minute/1.73 m2) |
96.5 ± 3.6 |
62.4 ± 2.5**** |
47.4 ± 2.3****++++ |
58.6 ± 4.2**** |
38.3 ± 3.3****++++ |
43.5 ± 5.7****++ |
65.1 ± 6.5**++ |
| Plasma NGAL (ng/ml) |
55.9 ± 5.3 |
112.4 ± 11.3**** |
242.6 ± 34.6****+++ |
272.9 ± 50.1****++ |
456.8 ± 50.87****++++ |
371.1 ± 64.9****+++ |
215.6 ± 31.0****++ |
| Plasma BNP (pg/ml) |
19.1 ± 4.4 |
20.2 ± 0.9 |
56 ± 12.3**++ |
16.6 ± 3.1 |
35.9 ± 6.4**++ |
79.3 ± 31.6 |
48.2 ± 8.8**++ |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) |
0.8 ± 0.03 |
1.2 ± 0.04**** |
1.7 ± 0.1****++++ |
1.8 ± 0.2****++ |
2.6 ± 0.2****++++ |
2.2 ± 0.3***++ |
1.6 ± 0.13**+ |
| Serum cystatin C (mg/l) |
0.7 ± 0.03 |
1.1 ± 0.11**** |
1.6 ± 0.1****++++ |
1.6 ± 0.1****++ |
2.1 ± 0.1****++++ |
2.1 ± 0.3****+++ |
1.5 ± 0.1***+ |
| Serum β2-microglobulin (mg/l) |
1.2 ± 0.04 |
1.9 ± 0.04**** |
3.0 ± 0.3****++ |
3.1 ± 0.4****++ |
4.8 ± 0.4****++++ |
4.4 ± 0.7***++ |
2.8 ± 0.3***++ |
| Urinary NGAL (ng/ml) |
12.4 ± 4.6 |
10.1 ± 2.7 |
21.1 ± 7.0 |
27.3 ± 7.2+ |
45.3 ± 9.9**+++ |
17.4 ± 5.3 |
13.8 ± 3.4 |
| Urinary albumin (mg/dl) |
6.3 ± 4.3 |
1.6 ± 0.4 |
16.4 ± 8.4 |
184 ± 49***+++ |
52.9 ± 8.4****++++ |
60.0 ± 18.3**++ |
36.2 ± 11.2* |
| Urinary cystatin C (mg/l) |
0.1 ± 0.07 |
0.1 ± 0.04 |
0.2 ± 0.09 |
0.9 ± 0.47 |
0.6 ± 0.16*++ |
0.4 ± 0.14 |
0.1 ± 0.04 |
| Urinary β2-microglobulin (mg/l) |
0.1 ± 0.06 |
0.3 ± 0.08* |
1.7 ± 0.5***++ |
3.7 ± 1.6*+ |
5.2 ± 1.5***++ |
3.1 ± 1.4*+ |
1.1 ± 0.3* |
| Urinary GGT (u/l) |
68.7 ± 9.5 |
29.0 ± 2.7*** |
40.6 ± 6.4* |
63.6 ± 6.0++++ |
38.0 ± 4.5** |
47.0 ± 9.1 |
43.3 ± 6.7** |
| Urinary LDH (u/l) |
29.0 ± 4.1 |
18.3 ± 2.6* |
17.3 ± 2.0* |
51.8 ± 12.6+ |
25.0 ± 2.4+ |
47.3 ± 19.1 |
31.2 ± 6.5 |
| Urinary NAG (u/l) | 5.3 ± 0.6 | 5.1 ± 0.8 | 5.6 ± 0.5 | 6.8 ± 0.6+ | 7.1 ± 0.6*++ | 7.0 ± 0.9 | 5.7 ± 0.8 |
Mean values ± standard errors of the mean are reported. The significance of the differences with mean values of potential kidney donors and of kidney donors is indicated: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001; +P < 0.05; ++P < 0.01; +++P < 0.001; +++P < 0.0001. BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; GGT, gamma-glutamyl-transferase; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; NAG, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.