Table 2.
Error-related brain activity.
| Region | Center Coordinates (Talairach)
|
Cluster size
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | y | z | (voxels) | |
| insula/IFG (R) | 55 | 15 | 3 | 64 |
| insula/IFG (L) | −46 | 14 | 1 | 174 |
| dACC/pre-SMA (B) | 1 | 18 | 42 | 344 |
| inferior parietal lobe (R) | 59 | −45 | 37 | 36 |
| inferior parietal lobe (L) | −42 | −47 | 38 | 36 |
| thalamus (R) | 9 | −13 | 9 | 22 |
| thalamus (L) | −12 | −19 | 6 | 45 |
| inferior frontal gyrus (L) | −52 | 6 | 27 | 10 |
| cueneus (B) | 3 | −74 | 6 | 156 |
| brainstem (B) | −1 | −24 | 27 | 10 |
Note. Error-related activity was assessed at the whole-brain level (errors > correct; threshold pvoxel-wise< 10−5; cluster extent: 10 voxels). Voxel size: 3 × 3 × 3 mm3 (one voxel = 27 μL). Talairach coordinates X: Left (−), Right (+); Y: Posterior (−), Anterior (+); Z: Inferior (−), Superior (+). B: bilateral; L: left; R: right. Of particular interest, errors produced increased activation in clusters within the bilateral insulae that extended into the neighboring inferior frontal gyri (labeled as insula/IFG) and within the dorsal ACC extending into the pre-supplemental motor area (labeled as dACC/pre-SMA).