Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Variable | Combined | Non-progressors | AKIN III | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 77 | n = 52 | n = 25 | ||
| Age, years | 65.3 (1.6) | 63.8 (2.2) | 68.2 (1.9) | 0.13 |
| Gender, % male | 42.8% | 36.5% | 56.0% | 0.14 |
| Race, n (%) | ||||
| African American | 44 (57.1%) | 29 (55.6%) | 15 (60.0%) | 0.63 |
| Caucasian | 23 (29.9%) | 15 (28.8%) | 8 (32.0%) | 0.92 |
| Hispanic | 10 (13.0%) | 8 (15.4%) | 2 (8.0%) | 0.48 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| CKD | 24 (31.0%) | 17 (32.7%) | 7 (28.0%) | 0.80 |
| Hypertension | 60 (78.0%) | 41 (78.8%) | 19 (76.0%) | 0.78 |
| CHF | 25 (33.0%) | 15 (29.0%) | 10 (40.0%) | 0.44 |
| DM | 35 (44.0%) | 22 (41.5%) | 13 (52.0%) | 0.47 |
| Nephrotoxic exposure, n (%) | ||||
| NSAIDS | 8 (10.0)% | 6 (2.0%) | 2 (1.0%) | 1.00 |
| Aminoglycosides | 1 (1.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0.63 |
| Amphotericin | 2 (3.0%) | 2 (4.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.00 |
| Contrast | 21 (27.0%) | 15 (28.8%) | 6 (23.1%) | 0.79 |
| Post-cardiac surgery | 9 (11.7%) | 6 (11.5%) | 3 (12.0%) | 1.00 |
| Sepsis | 15 (19.5%) | 12 (23.1%) | 3 (12.0%) | 0.36 |
| Clinical Data | ||||
| Baseline eGFR, ml/minute/1.73m2 | 68.6 (4.1) | 60.0 (8.8) | 73.3 (4.2) | 0.15 |
| Baseline UFR (ml/hr) | 74.6 (11.6) | 95.7 (16.3) | 29.7 (4.2) | 0.001 |
| Furosemide-naïve, n (%) | 29 (37.7%) | 23 (44.2%) | 6 (24.0%) | 0.13 |
| Urine cast score) | 2.3 (0.13) | 2.1 (0.16) | 2.7 (0.23) | 0.05 |
| FeNa above 1%, n (%)a | 14 (18.0%) | 10 (19.2%) | 4 (16.0%) | 1.00 |
| CV SOFA score | 1.16 (0.3) | 1.05 (0.2) | 1.5 (0.4) | 0.37 |
| APACHE II score | 17.8 (1.11) | 16.5 (1.2) | 21.6 (2.5) | 0.08 |
| AKIN stage at enrollment, n (%) | ||||
| AKIN I | 41 (53.2%) | 34 (65.4%) | 7 (28.0%) | 0.003 |
| AKIN II | 36 (46.7%) | 18 (34.6%) | 18 (72.0%) | 0.003 |
| Outcomes, n (%) | ||||
| Death | 16 (20.7%) | 7 (13.4%) | 9 (36.0%) | 0.04 |
| AKIN stage III | 25 (32.4%) | N/A | 25 (100%) | N/A |
| RRT | 11 (14.2%) | N/A | 11 (44.0%) | N/A |
| Death/AKIN III | 32 (41.5%) | 7 (13.4%) | 25 (100.0%) | 0.001 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard error unless otherwise indicated. CKD, chronic kidney disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; DM, diabetes mellitus; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UFR, urinary flow rate; CV SOFA, Cardiovascular Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; AKIN, Acute Kidney Injury Network; FeNa, fractional excretion of sodium; RRT, renal replacement therapy; RPP, renal perfusion pressure; n, number of patients; N/A, not applicable. aFeNa not assessed in 29 patients because the George Washington University Urine Sediment Score was already ≥2 at the time of assessment.