Table 3.
Thirty-day mortality and hazard ratios for metformin users and non-users among type 2 diabetic patients admitted to ICUs in Northern Denmark
| Number | 30-day mortality, % (95% CI) | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted a HR (95% CI) | Propensity score-adjusted HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall analysis |
7,404 |
|
|
|
|
|
Metformin users |
2,408 |
17.7 (16.3-19.3) |
0.68 (0.61-0.75) |
0.82 (0.73-0.91) |
0.84 (0.75-0.94) |
| Metformin monotherapy |
1,073 |
17.6 (15.4-20.0) |
0.67 (0.57-0.78) |
0.80 (0.69-0.94) |
0.82 (0.70-0.95) |
| Metformin combination therapy |
1,335 |
17.9 (15.9-20.0) |
0.68 (0.59-0.78) |
0.83 (0.71-0.95) |
0.86 (0.75-1.00) |
|
Metformin non-user |
4,996 |
25.0 (23.9-26.3) |
1.00 (ref.) |
1.00 (ref.) |
1.00 (ref.) |
| - Sulfonylurea monotherapy |
872 |
25.5 (22.7-28.5) |
NA |
NA |
NA |
| - Insulin monotherapy |
1,337 |
25.2 (22.9-27.6) |
NA |
NA |
NA |
| - Other/combination |
239 |
26.4 (21.3-32.5) |
NA |
NA |
NA |
| - No pharmacotherapy |
2,548 |
24.7 (23.1-26.4) |
NA |
NA |
NA |
|
Subcohort with laboratory data |
5,474 |
|
|
|
|
| Metformin users |
1,799 |
18.0 (16.3-19.9) |
0.71 (0.62-0.80) |
0.85 (0.75-0.97) |
0.88 (0.77-1.01) |
| Metformin users, adjusted for admission organ dysfunction |
1,799 |
18.0 (16.3-19.9) |
0.71 (0.62-0.80) |
0.88 (0.77-1.00) |
NA |
| Metformin non-users |
3,675 |
24.4 (23.1, 25.8) |
1.00 (ref.) |
1.00 (ref.) |
1.00 (ref.) |
|
Propensity score-matched cohort |
|
|
|
|
|
| Metformin users |
2,192 |
18.2 (16.7-19.9) |
0.87 (0.76-1.00) |
0.88 (0.75-1.02) |
0.85 (0.73-1.00) |
| Metformin non-users |
2,192 |
20.9 (19.3-22.7) |
1.00 (Ref.) |
1.00 (Ref.) |
1.00 (ref.) |
|
Monotherapy comparison |
1,945 |
|
|
|
|
| Metformin monotherapy |
1,073 |
17.6 (15.4-20.0) |
0.65 (0.54-0.79) |
0.90 (0.73-1.11) |
0.77 (0.63-0.94) |
| Sulfonylurea monotherapy | 872 | 25.5 (22.7-28.5) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
aAdjusted for all variables in Table 1. HR, hazard ratio; ref., reference; NA, non applicable.