Table 2.
Geographical distribution of recently described toxic mushrooms
| Primary system affected by toxins (effects) | Geographical location of mushroom harvest | Mushrooms |
|---|---|---|
| Neurological (encephalopathy) | Germany | Hapalopilus rutilans (Purple Dye Polypore) |
| Neurological (convulsive encephalopathy) | Japan | Pleurocybella porrigens (Angel’s Wing) |
| Neurovascular (red, swollen, painful extremities) | Japan, South Korea | Clitocybe acromelalgia |
| Neurovascular (red, swollen, painful extremities) | France, Italy, Morocco | Clitocybe amoenolens (Poison Dwarf Bamboo or Burn Mushroom) |
| Cardiac (sudden death) | Yunnan Province, China | Trogia venenata (Little White) |
| Cardiac (sudden death) | Jiangxi Province, China | Amanita franchetii a |
| Ramaria rufescens a | ||
| Renal | Canada (South-West), USA (Pacific Coast to North-West) | Amanita smithiana (Toxic Lepidella or North American Lepidella) |
| Renal | France (South), Spain, Italy | Amanita proxima (Mediterranean Amidella) |
| Renal | Japan | Amanita pseudoporphyria Hongo |
| Muscular (rhabdomyolysis, myocarditis) | France, Poland | Tricholoma equestre (Yellow Trich or Yellow Knight or Man on Horseback) |
| Muscular (rhabdomyolysis, myocarditis) | Taiwan, Japan, Korea, China, Nepal | Russula subnigricans (Blackening Russula) |
| Immune/heme (hemolysis, hepatorenal failure) | Northern Hemisphere | Paxillus involutus (Poison Pax or Brown Roll Rim) |
| Immune/Heme (pancytopenia) | Northeastern Asia | Ganoderma neojaponicum Imazekia |
| Immune/Heme (pancytopenia) | Japan, China, Korea, Java | Podostroma cornu-damae |
aNewly reported and association not as well established as other causes of mycetism