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. 2014 May 5;15(5):7611–7623. doi: 10.3390/ijms15057611

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Proposed routes for protein transport to and from the different types of vacuoles. 1, Classical ER-GA route to the lytic vacuole, mainly mediated by C-terminal vacuolar sorting determinants (VSDs). This route may, or may not involve the PVC; 2, COPII-independent pathway, sorted by PSI vacuolar sorting determinant without glycosylation site; 3, Putative route from the GA to the vacuole, mediated by PAC (precursor accumulating vesicles) that can be observed in storage organs; 4, Direct route from the ER to the PB/PSV, observed in germinating seeds; 5, Secretion route from the PVC to the PM–CW complex. Dashed arrows represent putative routes that are yet to be confirmed. Abbreviations: ER, endoplasmic reticulum; GA, Golgi apparatus; PM–CW, plasma membrane–cell wall complex; PSV/PB, protein storage vacuole/protein body; PVC, prevacuolar compartment; LV, lytic vacuole.