Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2014 May 9;15(5):8256–8279. doi: 10.3390/ijms15058256

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Figure 8. — Effects of live and temperature-treated L. dumoffii cells cultured on the choline-supplemented medium and without choline on the ability to induce TNF-α production in THP-1 differentiated cells. Data represent the mean ± S.D. of five independent experiments. Control THP-1 differentiated cells (PMA-activated): TNF-α 22.6 ± 0.6 (pg/mL); Control non-activated THP-1 cells: TNF-α 18.32 ± 0.9 (pg/mL). # Significantly different from the lower bacteria dose, p ≤ 0.05; * Statistically significant in comparison to bacteria cultured on the choline non-supplemented medium, p ≤ 0.05 (ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test). ^a,b Statistically significant in comparison with similar experiments preformed with temperature-treated bacteria (^a p ≤ 0.05, ^b p ≤ 0.01) c (ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test) —live L. dumoffii; —temperature-treated L. dumoffii; —live L. dumoffii cultured on choline-supplemented medium; —temperature-treated L. dumoffii cultured on choline-supplemented medium.

Inline graphic — Effects of live and temperature-treated L. dumoffii cells cultured on the choline-supplemented medium and without choline on the ability to induce TNF-α production in THP-1 differentiated cells. Data represent the mean ± S.D. of five independent experiments. Control THP-1 differentiated cells (PMA-activated): TNF-α 22.6 ± 0.6 (pg/mL); Control non-activated THP-1 cells: TNF-α 18.32 ± 0.9 (pg/mL). # Significantly different from the lower bacteria dose, p ≤ 0.05; * Statistically significant in comparison to bacteria cultured on the choline non-supplemented medium, p ≤ 0.05 (ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test). ^a,b Statistically significant in comparison with similar experiments preformed with temperature-treated bacteria (^a p ≤ 0.05, ^b p ≤ 0.01) c (ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test) —live L. dumoffii; —temperature-treated L. dumoffii; —live L. dumoffii cultured on choline-supplemented medium; —temperature-treated L. dumoffii cultured on choline-supplemented medium.