Table 2.
Diff-and-Diff estimates of the effect of the false ID laws with scanner provisions on underage drinking: Full sample
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consumed alcohol (M=0.477, S.D.=0.499) | ||||||||
| TREAT | −0.008 (0.010) | −0.004 (0.013) | −0.008 (0.015) | 0.013 (0.035) | 0.000 (0.011) | 0.002 (0.013) | 0.006 (0.019) | 0.022 (0.032) |
| R2 | 0.040 | 0.106 | 0.106 | 0.108 | 0.069 | 0.078 | 0.078 | 0.082 |
| N | 40076 | 39820 | 39820 | 39820 | 40076 | 39820 | 39820 | 39820 |
|
| ||||||||
| Engaged in binge drinking (M=0.277, S.D.=0.477) | ||||||||
| TREAT | −0.026*** (0.010) | −0.023** (0.011) | −0.044*** (0.012) | −0.031* (0.017) | −0.026*** (0.008) | −0.024*** (0.009) | −0.037*** (0.013) | −0.027 (0.018) |
| R2 | 0.032 | 0.096 | 0.096 | 0.098 | 0.051 | 0.061 | 0.061 | 0.064 |
| N | 40009 | 39754 | 39754 | 39754 | 40009 | 39754 | 39754 | 39754 |
|
| ||||||||
| No. of days consumed alcohol (M=2.730, S.D.=5.016) | ||||||||
| TREAT | −0.198* (0.112) | −0.182** (0.089) | −0.417** (0.141) | −0.522*** (0.190) | −0.229* | −0.264** (0.111) | −0.443*** (0.150) | −0.482** (0.222) |
| R2 | 0.026 | 0.083 | 0.084 | 0.085 | 0.055 | 0.065 | 0.065 | 0.067 |
| N | 40076 | 39820 | 39820 | 39820 | 40076 | 39820 | 39820 | 39820 |
|
| ||||||||
| No. of days engaged in binge drinking (M=1.282, S.D.=3.302) | ||||||||
| TREAT | −0.142 (0.087) | −0.125* (0.063) | −0.371*** (0.0.94) | −0.408*** (0.088) | −0.149** (0.072) | −0.154** (0.068) | −0.346*** (0.094) | −0.349*** (0.085) |
| R2 | 0.020 | 0.071 | 0.071 | 0.073 | 0.037 | 0.044 | 0.044 | 0.048 |
| N | 40009 | 39754 | 39754 | 39754 | 40009 | 39754 | 39754 | 39754 |
|
| ||||||||
| Avg. no. of drinks consumed (M=0.541, S.D.=1.547) | ||||||||
| TREAT | −0.093** (0.040) | −0.108*** (0.034) | −0.203*** (0.056) | −0.210*** (0.044) | −0.128*** (0.041) | −0.149*** (0.035) | −0.221*** (0.048) | −0.183*** (0.049) |
| R2 | 0.013 | 0.051 | 0.051 | 0.052 | 0.022 | 0.027 | 0.027 | 0.029 |
| N | 39795 | 39542 | 39542 | 39542 | 39795 | 39542 | 39542 | 39542 |
|
| ||||||||
| Individual fixed effects | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Control variables | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Lead term | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| State-specific linear time trend | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes |
Notes: All regressions include state, month, and year fixed effects. Control variables include individual characteristics and state level controls as discussed in the text. M: Sample weighted mean of the outcome variable for specifications 2–4 and 6–8. S.D.: Standard deviation of the outcome variable for specifications 2-4 and 6–8. Standard errors, corrected for clustering at the state level, are reported in parentheses. The signs *, **, and *** denote statistical significance at the 10, 5, and 1 percent significance levels.