Table 3.

Odds ratios from ordered logistic models of the relationship between childhood exposure to violence and attitudes about IPV against women (0, 1–2, 3–6 good reasons to hit a wife), N=522 married men 18–51 years in My Hao district, Vietnam

		(1)			(2)			(3)
	OR	(95% CI)	p	OR	(95% CI)	p	OR	(95% CI)	p
Exposure to Violence in Childhood
Experienced or witnessed violence (ref: neither)	1.41	(1.03, 1.93)	*	1.43	(1.03, 2.00)	*	1.21	(0.86, 1.69)
Experienced and witnessed violence (ref: neither)	1.74	(1.13, 2.67)	**	1.66	(1.05, 2.64)	*	1.33	(0.83, 2.14)
Lifetime Perpetration of IPV in Adulthood
Perpetrated physical IPV as an adult (ref: no)							2.57	(1.93, 3.41)	***
Covariates/Control Mediators
Childhood residence other (ref: same town)				0.58	(0.32, 1.07)		0.59	(0.31, 1.14)
Age, years				0.96	(0.94, 0.98)	***	0.96	(0.94, 0.98)	***
Living with in-laws or natal family (ref: neither)				0.80	(0.58, 1.10)		0.85	(0.61, 1.19)
Number of children ever born				1.05	(0.89, 1.22)		1.05	(0.90, 1.23)
Completed grades of schooling (ref: 0–7)
8–12				0.84	(0.62, 1.15)		0.85	(0.64, 1.13)
>12				0.49	(0.33, 0.75)	***	0.55	(0.36, 0.84)	**
Schooling relative to wife (ref: same)
More				1.04	(0.74, 1.44)		0.98	(0.72, 1.33)
Less				0.82	(0.64, 1.05)		0.80	(0.63, 1.02)
Age relative to wife (ref: same age)
Younger				1.42	(0.83, 2.42)		1.45	(0.83, 2.55)
Older				1.20	(0.80, 1.81)		1.29	(0.87, 1.93)
Household Economic Index (ref: middle tertile)
Lowest tertile				1.03	(0.78, 1.36)	**	1.00	(0.76, 1.33)	***
Highest tertile				0.60	(0.44, 0.81)		0.57	(0.42, 0.77)
Income relative to wife (ref: same)
More				1.13	(0.72, 1.76)		1.11	(0.71, 1.74)
Less				1.39	(0.76, 2.54)	*	1.36	(0.77, 2.40)

Note. Models also control for “don’t know” responses for age and income relative to wife.

^*p ≤ 0.05;

^**p ≤ 0.01; p ≤ 0.001