Figure 2.
Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) exposure triggers and guides extension of PLBs. U937 cells are shown at selected timepoints during and after nsPEF exposure (hereinafter 0 to 119 s). PLBs nucleate at 30 s and extend toward anode (+) throughout the exposure. Hereinafter, the anode (+) and cathode (−) directions are shown only on those images that were taken during nsPEF treatment. After the end of pulse train (120 s), PLBs may keep growing for a short while but in arbitrary direction (180 s), then retract (360 s).