Table 2.
Multivariate results (Part 1): Associations between alcohol establishment density and violent crime outcomes, with potential moderating effects
| Assault | Rape | Robbery | |
|---|---|---|---|
| B [95% CI] | B [95% CI] | B [95% CI] | |
| Alcohol establishment density | 0.40 [0.27, 0.52]* | 0.24 [0.09, 0.40]* | 0.28 [0.15, 0.42]* |
| Neighborhood demographics | |||
| Population per roadway mi | 0.40 [0.21, 0.59]* | 0.39 [0.15, 0.62]* | 0.52 [0.34, 0.72]* |
| Socioeconomic/racial index | −0.82 [−0.98, −0.66]* | −0.57 [−0.78, −0.36]* | −0.53 [−0.75, −0.32]* |
| Total population | 0.20 [0.01, 0.39]* | −0.04 [−0.29, 0.21] | 0.03 [−0.19, 0.23] |
| Population aged 15-24 | −0.36 [−0.56, −0.15]* | −0.22 [−0.47, 0.03] | −0.33 [−0.54, −0.13]* |
| Potential moderators | |||
| Non-alcohol food retailers | -- | -- | 0.27 [0.08, 0.46]* |
| Healthcare services | -- | 0.26 [0.05, 0.48]* | -- |
| Parks in “good” condition | -- | -- | −0.16 [−0.29, −0.02]* |
| Elementary schools | -- | -- | -- |
| Colleges | 0.05 [−0.10, 0.20] | -- | -- |
| Condemned buildings | -- | -- | 0.26 [0.04, 0.48]* |
| Interactions | |||
| Density × Elementary schools | -- | -- | -- |
| Density × Colleges | −0.70 [−1.18, −0.22]* | -- | -- |
*
p < 0.05.
Note: -- indicates variable not included in multivariate model because it was not significant in individual moderator model. All variables included in multivariate model were retained, regardless of significance